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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypothesis - Answer-Prediction regarding the results of a research study.
Testability - Answer-The assumption that explanations of behavior can be tested and
falsified through observation.
Authority - Answer-Relying on a knowledgeable person or group as a means of knowing
about the world.
Theory - Answer-An explanation of behavior that can be tested through research
studies.
Parsimony - Answer-The assumption that the simplest explanation of a phenomenon is
most likely to be correct.
Basic Research - Answer-Research conducted with the goal of understanding
fundamental processes of phenomena
Observation - Answer-Relying on what one observes as a means of knowing about the
world.
External Validity - Answer-The degree to which the results of a study apply to
individuals and realistic behaviors outside the study.
Descriptive Research Question - Answer-A research question that asks about the
presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship
between different behaviors.
Deductive Reasoning - Answer-Using general information to make a specific prediction.
Inductive Reasoning - Answer-Using specific information to make a more general
prediction.
Closed-Ended Response Scale - Answer-Participants respond to survey questions
according to the response options provided by the researcher.
Open-Ended Response Scale - Answer-Participants respond to survey questions in any
manner they feel is appropriate for the question.
Quantitative Data - Answer-Numerical data.
, Systematic Observation - Answer-Data collection technique in which control is exerted
over the conditions under which the behavior is observed.
Survey Research - Answer-A research study that uses the survey observational
technique to measure behavior.
Independent Variable - Answer-A variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the
researcher such that the levels of the variable change across or within subjects in the
experiment.
Small-n Design - Answer-An experiment conducted with one or a few participants to
better understand the behavior of those individuals.
Quasi-Independent/Subject Variable - Answer-Variable that allows comparison of
groups of participants without manipulation (Random Assignment).
Predictor Variable - Answer-The dependent variable in a correlational study that is used
to predict the score on another variable.
Scatterplot - Answer-A graph showing the relationship between two dependent
variables for a group of individuals.
Third-Variable Problem - Answer-The presence of extraneous factors in a study that
affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study.
Operational Definition - Answer-The definition of an abstract concept used by a
researcher to measure or manipulate the concept in a research study.
Control Group - Answer-The group of participants in an experiment who do not
experience the treatment level of the independent variable.
Institutional Review Board (IRB) - Answer-A committee of knowledgeable individuals
who oversee the ethics of research with human participants conducted at an institution.
Empiricism - Answer-Gaining knowledge through systematic observation of the world.
Applied Research - Answer-Research conducted with the goal of solving everyday
problems.
Confirmation Bias - Answer-Seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and
ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs.
Causal Research Qustion - Answer-A research question that asks what causes specific
behaviors to occur.
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