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Test Bank - Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, 14th Edition (Lewis, 2024), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters with rationales guaranteed a+$17.99
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Test Bank - Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, 14th Edition (Lewis, 2024), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters with rationales guaranteed a+
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Human Genetics:
Institution
Human Genetics:
Test Bank - Human Genetics: Concepts and
Applications, 14th Edition (Lewis, 2024), Chapter 1-23 | All
Chapters with rationales guaranteed a+
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the gene in human cells?
a) To synthesize proteins
b) To replicate DNA
c) To carry out cellula...
Test Bank - Human
Genetics: Concepts and
Applications, 14th Edition
(Lewis, 2024), Chapter 1-23
| All Chapters with
rationales guaranteed a+
,1|Page
Test Bank - Human Genetics: Concepts and
Applications, 14th Edition (Lewis, 2024), Chapter 1-23 | All
Chapters with rationales guaranteed a+
1. Which of the following is the primary function of the gene in human cells?
a) To synthesize proteins
b) To replicate DNA
c) To carry out cellular respiration
d) To produce energy for cellular activities
Rationale:
The primary function of a gene is to synthesize proteins, which are essential for various cellular
functions. Genes encode instructions for making proteins, which then carry out cellular
functions.
2. Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder caused by a single
nucleotide mutation?
a) Down syndrome
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) Cystic fibrosis
d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Rationale:
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single nucleotide mutation in the hemoglobin gene. This
results in a change from glutamic acid to valine, causing red blood cells to form a sickle shape.
3. Which of the following best describes the genetic material in human cells?
a) Chromosomes are composed of RNA
b) DNA is composed of amino acids
c) DNA is composed of nucleotides
d) Proteins are composed of genes
,2|Page
Rationale:
DNA is composed of nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a
phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
4. A mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotide bases in a gene
is known as:
a) Point mutation
b) Frameshift mutation
c) Missense mutation
d) Nonsense mutation
Rationale:
A frameshift mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added or deleted, altering the
reading frame of the gene and typically leading to a nonfunctional protein.
5. Which of the following types of inheritance is illustrated by the inheritance of
hemophilia?
a) Autosomal recessive
b) Autosomal dominant
c) X-linked recessive
d) Mitochondrial inheritance
Rationale:
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning it is caused by a mutation in a gene on
the X chromosome and is most often seen in males.
6. What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
a) It helps in the formation of ribosomes
b) It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
c) It catalyzes the formation of polypeptides
d) It forms the template for DNA replication
Rationale:
mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. It serves
as a template for translating genetic information into proteins.
, 3|Page
7. Which of the following is the most common cause of genetic disorders in
humans?
a) Changes in chromosome number
b) Changes in the sequence of DNA
c) Environmental factors
d) Infections
Rationale:
The most common cause of genetic disorders in humans is changes in the sequence of DNA,
such as mutations in single genes or large chromosomal changes (e.g., deletions, duplications).
8. In a pedigree chart, a shaded circle represents:
a) A male carrier of a genetic disorder
b) A female carrier of a genetic disorder
c) An affected female with a genetic disorder
d) An unaffected male
Rationale:
In a pedigree, a shaded circle represents an affected female with a genetic disorder. Unaffected
individuals are typically represented by unshaded symbols.
9. What type of mutation causes cystic fibrosis?
a) Deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene
b) Point mutation in the hemoglobin gene
c) Duplication of a gene in the X chromosome
d) Translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22
Rationale:
Cystic fibrosis is caused by the deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene, resulting in
the production of a malfunctioning protein that affects chloride transport.
10. Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
a) It transports amino acids to the ribosome
b) It decodes the genetic message in mRNA
c) It catalyzes the synthesis of polypeptides
d) It carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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