BIO 340 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS A+
GRADED 2025-2026
Loss of Heterozygosity - ANSWER Mask harmful recessive alleles (Aa)
Can mask an unwanted phenotypic characteristic as long as one good copy of the gene
is expressed
Gregor Mendel - ANSWER Amateur botanist describes inheritance of characteristics
among plants 1866, law of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance.
Characteristics are passed from parents to offspring in a predictable manner
Law of Segregation- ANSWER The gene pair for every inherited characteristic is diploid.
The genes are assorted randomly from the parental organisms to the sex cells, in which
only one of the pairs is contained. Offsprings acquire only a single allele from each
parent.
Works with a monohybrid
Ex: Tt x TT
Law of Independent Assortment- ANSWER Separation for the genes of different
characters occurs independently from each other.
Independent works with dihybrid crosses.
Ex: TtRRDd x ttRrdd
Law of Dominance - ANSWER When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed
together, only one form of the trait appears in the next generation.
, Frederic Griffith (bacterial transformation) - ANSWER (Transforming principle) where
R-strain bacteria turned into S bacteria
Avery - Macleod - McCarty Experiment - ANSWER Determined that DNA is the
transforming factor
Hershey - Chase Experiment - ANSWER Determined DNA is the genetic material
DNA Nucleotides - ANSWER Deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar), phosphate group, 1 of 4
nitrogenous bases
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Purines/Pyrimidines - ANSWER Purines (A & G): larger molecular structure with a
shorter name
Pyrimidines (T & C): small molecular structure with longer name
A purine has to be paired with a pyrimidines
Meselson - Stahl Experiment (1958) - ANSWER Demonstrated that replication was
semiconservative using heavy isotope nucleotides
DNA Replication - ANSWER All polymerase systhesis in a 5'-3' is read 3'-5'
GRADED 2025-2026
Loss of Heterozygosity - ANSWER Mask harmful recessive alleles (Aa)
Can mask an unwanted phenotypic characteristic as long as one good copy of the gene
is expressed
Gregor Mendel - ANSWER Amateur botanist describes inheritance of characteristics
among plants 1866, law of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance.
Characteristics are passed from parents to offspring in a predictable manner
Law of Segregation- ANSWER The gene pair for every inherited characteristic is diploid.
The genes are assorted randomly from the parental organisms to the sex cells, in which
only one of the pairs is contained. Offsprings acquire only a single allele from each
parent.
Works with a monohybrid
Ex: Tt x TT
Law of Independent Assortment- ANSWER Separation for the genes of different
characters occurs independently from each other.
Independent works with dihybrid crosses.
Ex: TtRRDd x ttRrdd
Law of Dominance - ANSWER When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed
together, only one form of the trait appears in the next generation.
, Frederic Griffith (bacterial transformation) - ANSWER (Transforming principle) where
R-strain bacteria turned into S bacteria
Avery - Macleod - McCarty Experiment - ANSWER Determined that DNA is the
transforming factor
Hershey - Chase Experiment - ANSWER Determined DNA is the genetic material
DNA Nucleotides - ANSWER Deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar), phosphate group, 1 of 4
nitrogenous bases
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Purines/Pyrimidines - ANSWER Purines (A & G): larger molecular structure with a
shorter name
Pyrimidines (T & C): small molecular structure with longer name
A purine has to be paired with a pyrimidines
Meselson - Stahl Experiment (1958) - ANSWER Demonstrated that replication was
semiconservative using heavy isotope nucleotides
DNA Replication - ANSWER All polymerase systhesis in a 5'-3' is read 3'-5'
