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PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS EXAM(CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Statistics - Answer-a branch of mathematics used to summarize, analyze, and interpret
a group of numbers or observations
Data - Answer-(plural) are measurements or observations that are typically numeric; a
datum (singular) is a single measurement or observation, usually referred to as a score
or raw score
Descriptive Statistics - Answer-are procedures used to summarize, organize, and make
sense of a set of scores or observations
- typically presented graphically, in tables, or a summary
Inferential Statistics - Answer-are procedures used that allow researchers to infer or
generalize observations made with samples to the larger population from which they
were selected
Population - Answer-the set of all individuals, items, or data of interest; this is the group
scientists will generalize
Population Parameter - Answer-a characteristic (usually numeric) that describes a
population
Sample - Answer-a set of individuals, items, or data selected from a population of
interest
Sample Statistic - Answer-a characteristic that describes a sample
Science - Answer-study of phenomena, such as behavior, through strict observation,
evaluation, interpretation, and theoretical explanation
Research Method/ Scientific Method - Answer-a set of systematic techniques used to
acquire. modify, and integrate knowledge concerning observable and measurable
phenomena
Experiment - Answer-use of methods and procedures to make observations in which
the researcher fully controls the conditions and experiences of participants by applying
three required elements of control (manipulation, randomization, and
comparison/control) to isolate cause-and-effect relationships between variables
, Random Assignment - Answer-a random procedure used to ensure that participants in a
study have an equal chance of being assigned to a particular group or condition
Independent Variable - Answer-variable that is manipulated in an experiment; remains
unchanged between conditions being observed in an experiment
Dependent Variable - Answer-variable that is measured in each group of a study, and is
believed to change in the presence of the independent variable
Operational Definition - Answer-description of some observable event in terms of the
specific process or manner by which it was observed or measured
Quasi-Independent Variable - Answer-a preexisting variable that is often a characteristic
inherent to an individual, which differentiates the groups or conditions being compared
in research study
are rules for how the properties of numbers can change with different uses - Answer-
Scales of Measurement
Nominal Scales - Answer-are measurements in which a number is assigned to
represent something or someone
Ordinal Scales - Answer-are measurements that convey order or rank alone
Interval Scales - Answer-are measurements that have no true zero and are distributed
in equal units
True Zero - Answer-when the value 0 truly indicates nothing on a scale of
measurement; interval scales do not have a true zero
Continuous Variable - Answer-measured along a continuum at any place beyond the
decimal point; can be measured in fractional units
Discrete Variable - Answer-measured in whole units or categories that are not
distributed along a continuum
Quantitative Variable - Answer-varies by amount; this variable is measured numerically
and is often collected by measuring or counting
Qualitative Variable - Answer-varies by class; this variable is often represented as a
label and describes nonnumeric aspects of phenomena
Frequency - Answer-number of times or how often a category, score, or range of scores
occurs
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