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PSYCHOLOGY (CENGAGE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY (CENGAGE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY (CENGAGE) EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The word "science" comes from the Latin Scientia, which means "knowledge."
According to your text, which of the following best describes science today? - Answer-A
special way of learning about reality through systematic observation and
experimentation
The difference between scientific and everyday thinking is that scientific thinking relies
on _____. - Answer-objectivity, systemic observation, and repeatable evidence
A set of facts and relationships between facts that can explain and predict related
phenomena is called ____. - Answer-A theory.
The best scientific theories not only explain and organize known facts but also ____. -
Answer-generate predictions
Researchers found that "the widespread and highly publicized stereotype about female
talkativeness is unfounded." This conclusion illustrates that science relies primarily on
____. - Answer-observable, repeatable evidence
Any observation by a human being is, by definition, ____. - Answer-subjective
Any observation by a human being is, by definition, ____. - Answer-subjective
Research methods designed for making careful, systematic observations are called
____. - Answer-descriptive methods
Close Explanation
Explanation:
Which of the following lends itself to the use of a descriptive method? - Answer-
Jonathan would like to develop a hypothesis regarding the role of parental expression of
affection in reducing toxic stress in early childhood.
A research method that tests hypotheses and allows researchers to make conclusions
about causality is called ____. - Answer-an experiment
What is an experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are
obtained simultaneously from people of differing ages? - Answer-Cross-sectional study
What type of study provides an in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a
small number of people? - Answer-Case study
A factor that has a range of values is called a ____. - Answer-variable
, A measure is a method for describing a variable's ____. - Answer-quantity
The cross-sectional method is subject to generational effects resulting from participants
having been born at a particular point in history; this is also called the ____. - Answer-
cohort effect
What is one advantage of using naturalistic observation over the case study method? -
Answer-Looking at a much larger group supports application of the results to the
general population.
A variable that is irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested and that can alter a
researcher's conclusions is called ____. - Answer-a confounding variable
An experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained
from the same individuals at intervals over a long period is called a ____. - Answer-
longitudinal study
The SAT II single-subject achievement test shows the highest positive correlation with
first-year college grades compared with both the SAT I aptitude test and high school
grade point average. This indicates that of the three tests, it is the most ____. - Answer-
valid
A measure of how tightly clustered a group of scores is around their mean is called the
____. - Answer-standard deviation
Statistical methods that organize data into meaningful patterns and summaries, such as
finding the average value, are called ____. - Answer-descriptive statistics
Statistical methods that allow experimenters to extend conclusions from samples to
larger populations are called ____. - Answer-inferential statistics
A statistical analysis of many previous experiments on a single topic is called a ____. -
Answer-meta-analysis
The consistency of a measure, including test-retest, inter-rater, inter-method, and
internal consistency, is called ____. - Answer-reliability
What is inter-rater reliability used for? - Answer-to access the degree of reliability to
different raters/observers and give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
What is test-retest reliability used for? - Answer-to access the consistency of a measure
from one time to another
What is internal consistency used for? - Answer-to access the consistency of results
across items within a test
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