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PSYCHOLOGY 201 EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 201 EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 201 EXAM 1 REVIEWQUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Psychology - answer-science of behavior and mental processes
Willhelm wundt - answer-founder of psychology, used scientific methods to study
psychological processes (reaction times), wrote principles of physiological psychology,
university of Leipzig
Edward b. Titchener - answer-structuralism (first major school of thought in psychology),
Cornell university, used process of introspection, most women completed PhD’s under
his direction
Introspection - answer-unreliable, cannot study animals, complex topics cannot be
investigated
William James - answer-functionalism, Harvard, adaptation of environmental changes,
wrote principles of psychology and talks to teachers, professor of mary calkins, g.
Stanley hall, and Margaret Washburn
Functionalism - answer-study of adaptive and practical functions of human behavior
Charles Darwin - answer-wrote origin of species, idea of evolution, naturalist
G. Stanley hall - answer-student of William James, opened first psychology lab in the
us, founded Apa was 1st president, 1st president of Clark university, 1st phd in
psychology, johns Hopkins university, American journal of psychology
Mary Whiton calkins - answer-student of William James, not allowed to receive phd from
Harvard due to rules and women’s rights issues, established a lab at Wellesley college,
1st woman president of Apa, wrote introduction to psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn - answer-student of William James, first us woman to earn
phd, 2nd female president of apa, wrote the animal mind, Cornell university
Francis c. Sumner - answer-student of g. Stanley Hall, first black to earn phd in
psychology, Howard university
Sigmund Freud - answer-psychoanalysis: unconscious
Who was Freud’s biographer? - answer-Ernest jones
, John b. Watson - answer-behaviourism, overt observable behavior, learning, behavior
of humans
Ivan pavlov - answer-russian, dogs association with neutral stimulus such as bell and
food triggering salivation
B.f. skinner - answer-reinforcement and punishment with rats and pigeons
Behaviorism - answer-school of psychology that emphasizes the study of observable
behaviors, especially with learning
Learning - answer-how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental
influences
Carl rogers - answer-humanistic psychology, emphasized self-determination, free will,
and importance of choice
Abraham Maslow - answer-humanistic psychology, theory of motivation, importance of
psychological growth
Culture - answer-attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people and
communicated from one generation to another
Cross-cultural psychology - answer-branch of psychology, studies effects of culture on
behavior and mental processes
Ethnocentrism - answer-belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to
another, tendency to use one's culture as a standard to judge other cultures
Clinical psychology - answer-studies causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
different types of behavioral and emotional disorders (anxiety, eating disorders, mood)
Cognitive - answer-investigates mental processes (reasoning, thinking, memory,
perception, language)
Counseling - answer-helps people of all ages adjust, adapt, and cope with personal and
interpersonal problems in; relationships, work, education, marriage, child rearing, and
aging
4 basic goals of psychology - answer-describe, explain, predict, control and influence
mental and behavioral processes
Scientific method - answer-set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide
researchers in creating questions to investigate in generating evidence and in drawing
conclusions
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