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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
What is psychology? What is the mind? What is behavior? - Answer-Psychology is the
scientific study of the mind and behavior
Mind is our private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings
Behavior is the observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals
What are the three key questions in psychology? - Answer-1. What are the bases of
perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings, or our subjective senses of self?
2. How does the mind usually allow us to function effectively in the world?
3. Why does the mind occasionally function so ineffectively?
What is the nativism? What is philosophical empiricism? Which reflects "nature" and
which reflects "nurture" in the nature- nurture debate? - Answer-Nativism is the
philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
Philosophical empiricism is the philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired
through experience.
Although few modern psychologists believe that nativism or empiricism is entirely
correct, the issue of just how much "nature" and "nurture" explain any given behavior is
still a matter of controversy.
What is phrenology? How did work with brain damaged patients help establish a mind-
body connection? - Answer-Phrenology is a now defunct theory that specific mental
abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are
localized in specific regions of the brain.
When Paul Broca worked with a patient who had suffered damage to a small part of the
left side of the brain the patient was virtually unable to speak yet was able to understand
everything that was said and could communicate using gestures. Broca had the crucial
insight that damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific mental function,
clearly demonstrating that the mind and body are linked
Psychology has its roots in philosophy- from which it drew the questions it tries to
answer- and physiology. What is physiology? - Answer-Physiology is the study of
biological processes, especially in the human body
Who is credited as being the founder of psychology including teaching its first course in
1867 and opening its first lab? - Answer-Wilhelm Wundt
What is consciousness? How did Wundt study consciousness using stimuli and reaction
time? What is structuralism? What is introspection? What is the problem with using
introspection as a research method? - Answer-Consciousness is a person's subjective
experience of the world and the mind.To study consciousness Wundt and his students
, adopted an approach called structuralism, which is the analysis of the basic elements
that constitute the mind. Some of Wundt's studies used the method of introspection,
which involves the subjective observation of one's own experiment.
In a typical experiment, research participants were presented with a stimulus, and
asked to report their introspections. By analyzing the relation between feelings and
perceptual sensations, Wundt and his students hoped to uncover the basic structure of
conscious experience.
The problem with using introspection is that science requires replicable observations.
What is functionalism? How did William James differ from Wundt in how he believed
consciousness should be studied? Which man thought consciousness was a stream?
Which man thought it could be broken up? - Answer-Functionalism is the study of the
purpose of mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment.
James agreed with Wundt of some points, but disagreed with his claim that
consciousness could be broken down into separate elements. James believed that
trying to isolate and analyze a particular moment of consciousness distorted the
essential nature of consciousness.
"Consciousness was more like a flowing stream than a bundle of separate elements" -
William James and also thought that it can be broken up
What is natural selection? - Answer-Natural selection is Charles Darwin's theory that the
features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely to be passed
on to subsequent generations
What is hysteria? What is the unconscious? What is the emphasis in Freud's
psychoanalytic theory? What is psychoanalysis? What were some criticisms of Freud's
approach (page 14)? - Answer-Hysteria is a temporary loss of cognitive or motor
functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
Unconscious is the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but
influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions
Psychoanalysis is a therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material
into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.
Freud's visions of human nature was a dark one, emphasizing the limitations and
problems rather than the possibilities and potentials.
What is humanistic psychology? Who were its founders? How did it differ from
psychoanalytic theory? - Answer-Humanistic psychology is an approach to
understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
The founders of humanistic psychology are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the highest aspirations that people had for
themselves. Rather than viewing people as prisoners of events in their remote pasts,
humanistic psychologists viewed the as free agents who have an inherent need to
develop, grow, and attain their full potential.
What is behaviorism? Why is it called S-R psychology? What psychologist is associated
with behaviorism? What are some of the criticisms of (page 17)? - Answer-Behaviorism
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