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PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW Q&A
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PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW Q&A
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PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEWQ&A
Physiological - Answer-Having to do with an organism's physical processes.
Cognitive - Answer-Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding
Psychology - Answer-The scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific
research
Hypothesis - Answer-An assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through
scientific study.
Theory - Answer-A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for
scientific study.
Basic Science - Answer-The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own
sake.
Applied Science - Answer-Discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish
practical goals.
Scientific Method - Answer-A general approach to gathering information and answering
questions so that errors are minimized.
Nicolaus Copernicus - Answer-Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of
the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
He started "observation."
Galileo Galilei - Answer-Italian astronomer and mathematician who first built the
telescope and proved that planets and moons moved. Persecuted for supporting
Copernicus' ideas.
He started "experimentation."
Dualism - Answer-Mind and body are separate and distinct.
Rene Descartes - Answer-French philosopher and mathematician who argued against
Dualism.
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal
science.
"Father of Psychology"
Opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879.
, Focused on the structure of the mind, developed introspection (self-observation) to
collect information about the mind.
Structuralist - Answer-Linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or
discourse.
Introspection - Answer-A method of self-obversation or contemplation of your own
thoughts, desires and conduct.
William James - Answer-founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception
to function in our environment.
Taught first Psychology class at Harvard (1875) and created first Psychology textbook.
Functionalist - Answer-A psychologist who studied the function of consciousness
Sir Francis Galton - Answer-English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored
many fields: heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, anthropology.
Heredity - Answer-The biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from
one generation to the next.
Sigmund Freud - Answer-Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious
causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Free Association - Answer-A thought process in which ideas (words or images) suggest
other ideas in a sequences, with or without logical meaning.
Psychoanalyst - Answer-A psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and
conflicts determine human behavior
Ivan Pavlov - Answer-Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary
responses in dogs (1849-1936)
Behaviorists - Answer-Social scientists who focus on the environmental rewards and
punishers that maintain or discourage specific behaviors.
John Watson - Answer-American Psychologist who founded Behaviorism and
established the school of Behaviorism.
B.F. Skinner - Answer-Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we
do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use
of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement
on pigeons and rats.
Created the "Skinner Box."
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