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SMU INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SMU INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SMU INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGYEXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Psychology - Answer-seeks to understand how we remember/process information, the
scientific study of behavior and the mind
Three Key Elements to Psychology - Answer-science, behavior, mind
Fields of Psychology - Answer-physiological, cognitive, social, personality,
developmental, clinical and counseling, industrial and organizational
Physiological psychology - Answer-investigate the biological basis of human behavior,
link between brain functioning and overall behavior
Cognitive Psychology - Answer-Perception, decision making, language, learning,
memory
social psychology - Answer-study of how people influence each other, first impressions,
attraction, conformity, obedience
Personality Psychology - Answer-study the differences between people, why some are
happy while others are sad
developmental psychology - Answer-study of growth throughout your entire life, nature
vs. nurture debate, stage theories, change and growth (physically, emotionally,
cognitively, mentally)
clinical and counseling psychology - Answer-Clinical works on mental disorders (bipolar,
depression)
Counseling works on family problems, stress, marriage counseling
First Laboratory - Answer-established in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt, Introspection was
primary methodology
Introspection: looking inwards into your own thought process
Sigmund Freud - Answer-founder of psychoanalysis
clinical approach to studying the mind
unconscious forces are important
Behavior Alternative - Answer-defined psychology as study of observable behavior
The "Cognitive Revolution" - Answer-the 1960s brings a renewed interest in mind,
mental activity and consciousness.
, Scientific Method - Answer-1. make an observation
2. Gather data
3. form hypothesis
4. test hypothesis
5. establish theories
6. share findings for further testing
Theory - Answer-organized set of principles that describes, predicts and explains some
phenomenon
Hypothesis - Answer-specific, testable prediction derived from a theory
Operational definitions - Answer-a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures
Research Settings - Answer-lab or field
pros of lab: can control variables
cons of lab: not natural
Research Conclusions - Answer-Description (all you can do is describe)
Prediction (can predict a certain outcome)
Explanation (most powerful, can state a CAUSE)
Research Methods - Answer-Naturalistic observation, Case studies, survey,
correlational, experimental
naturalistic observation - Answer-recording behavior in its context without interference,
all you can do is describe, good place to start
pros and cons of naturalistic observation - Answer-pros: authentic behavior, measured
objectively
cons: inner states can only be inferred, observer bias, lack of control, reactance
Case study - Answer-in-depth study of one individual or group, cannot generalize
beyond that specific person or group, tells us thing we cannot ethically do in the lab (Ex:
studying humans with brain damage)
Pros and cons of case studies - Answer-pros: rich description of behavior, ideas for
future study
Cons: cannot generalize, time consuming
Survey (pros/cons) - Answer-random sampling is important for generalization to a larger
population
pros: lots of info @ low cost
cons: people lie/distort memories, response bias
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