UNIT 1 PSYCHOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
According to the authors, much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources... -
Answer-is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated
A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that... - Answer-a particular
behavior is the result of a single casual variable
In science, a scientific theory is define as an... - Answer-explanation for a large number
of findings in the natural world
When a psychologist mentions the term scientific theory, he or she is referring to
something that... - Answer-explains a wide range of observations
Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global
warming. To be consistent with a scientific method, students should develop their
hypotheses based on - Answer-a well-supported scientific theory
Which of the following would be best described as an "educated guess"? - Answer-
hypothesis
Residents of a small town on the gulf coast of Florida reported numerous UFO
sightings. Military personnel eventually disclosed that they had been running tests on a
new missile over the open waters, which would account for the strange lights the local
people were witnessing. Which critical thinking principle does this example best
demonstrate? - Answer-Occam's Razor
A key characteristic of a good scientific theory is that it is a simple explanatory device.
This key characteristic is explained as the critical thinking principle of... - Answer-
Occam's Razor
Occam's Razor is another name for what critical thinking principle? - Answer-Principle of
parsimony
The fact that certain psychological effects appear to shrink over is called the _________
effect. - Answer-Decline
Introspection requires - Answer-reflection on the self.
B.F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective? - Answer-Behaviorism
, You are listening in on a discussion among a group of psychology majors. One major
says that the field will move forward only if we use objective methods for understanding
the principles that guide human actions. This statement is most consistent with... -
Answer-behaviorism
Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology? - Answer-
Psychoanalysis
Psychologists are most frequently found working - Answer-at universities and 4-year
colleges
Imagine that you were a psychology professor lecturing on the nature-nurture debate in
1920. You would have likely emphasized that the importance of ________. Now
imagine that you are a psychology professor lecturing on the same topic today. You
would lie likely to emphasize the importance of _______. - Answer-nurture; the
interaction of nature and nurture
Evolutionary psychology - Answer-applies to Darwins theory of natural selection
Perhaps you've seen the movie Lion king. Two brothers were at the center of the plot,
Scar and Mufasa. Because Mufasa had the qualities and traits that would help him
survive and reproduce at a higher rate than his brother, biologists would say he had a
higher level of... - Answer-fitness
_______ research examines how the mind works, then ______ research examines how
we can use the former to solve real-world problems. - Answer-Basic; applied
If you were conducting a study designed to determine which type of psychotherapy is
most effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, what type of research
would you employ? - Answer-applied
which of the following statements is most consistent with the notion that science should
be a "prescription for humility"? - Answer-"But I might be wrong."
Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing
theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better
explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another
theory is superior is a characteristic of - Answer-scientific skepticism
The hallmark of scientific skepticism is - Answer-critical thinking
One evening, when he couldn't sleep, Mr. Bradley turned on the television and saw an
infomercial for a new sleep aid. As a critical thinker, Mr. Bradley should be most
cautious about this new product if - Answer-its makers claim it has been "proven" to
induce sleep in 80 percent of test participants.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
According to the authors, much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources... -
Answer-is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated
A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that... - Answer-a particular
behavior is the result of a single casual variable
In science, a scientific theory is define as an... - Answer-explanation for a large number
of findings in the natural world
When a psychologist mentions the term scientific theory, he or she is referring to
something that... - Answer-explains a wide range of observations
Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global
warming. To be consistent with a scientific method, students should develop their
hypotheses based on - Answer-a well-supported scientific theory
Which of the following would be best described as an "educated guess"? - Answer-
hypothesis
Residents of a small town on the gulf coast of Florida reported numerous UFO
sightings. Military personnel eventually disclosed that they had been running tests on a
new missile over the open waters, which would account for the strange lights the local
people were witnessing. Which critical thinking principle does this example best
demonstrate? - Answer-Occam's Razor
A key characteristic of a good scientific theory is that it is a simple explanatory device.
This key characteristic is explained as the critical thinking principle of... - Answer-
Occam's Razor
Occam's Razor is another name for what critical thinking principle? - Answer-Principle of
parsimony
The fact that certain psychological effects appear to shrink over is called the _________
effect. - Answer-Decline
Introspection requires - Answer-reflection on the self.
B.F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective? - Answer-Behaviorism
, You are listening in on a discussion among a group of psychology majors. One major
says that the field will move forward only if we use objective methods for understanding
the principles that guide human actions. This statement is most consistent with... -
Answer-behaviorism
Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology? - Answer-
Psychoanalysis
Psychologists are most frequently found working - Answer-at universities and 4-year
colleges
Imagine that you were a psychology professor lecturing on the nature-nurture debate in
1920. You would have likely emphasized that the importance of ________. Now
imagine that you are a psychology professor lecturing on the same topic today. You
would lie likely to emphasize the importance of _______. - Answer-nurture; the
interaction of nature and nurture
Evolutionary psychology - Answer-applies to Darwins theory of natural selection
Perhaps you've seen the movie Lion king. Two brothers were at the center of the plot,
Scar and Mufasa. Because Mufasa had the qualities and traits that would help him
survive and reproduce at a higher rate than his brother, biologists would say he had a
higher level of... - Answer-fitness
_______ research examines how the mind works, then ______ research examines how
we can use the former to solve real-world problems. - Answer-Basic; applied
If you were conducting a study designed to determine which type of psychotherapy is
most effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, what type of research
would you employ? - Answer-applied
which of the following statements is most consistent with the notion that science should
be a "prescription for humility"? - Answer-"But I might be wrong."
Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing
theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better
explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another
theory is superior is a characteristic of - Answer-scientific skepticism
The hallmark of scientific skepticism is - Answer-critical thinking
One evening, when he couldn't sleep, Mr. Bradley turned on the television and saw an
infomercial for a new sleep aid. As a critical thinker, Mr. Bradley should be most
cautious about this new product if - Answer-its makers claim it has been "proven" to
induce sleep in 80 percent of test participants.
