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NAVLE Prep Exam Latest 2024 | 86 Questions and Correct Answers (Verified Answers) | A Grade
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NAVLE Prep Exam Latest 2024 | 86 Questions and Correct Answers (Verified Answers) | A Grade
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NAVLE Prep Exam Latest 2024 | 86Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) | A Grade
Typically seen in young, fast-growing animals (ie: calves 2 weeks-6 mos) Clinical signs may
include dyspnea (due to myocardial disease), stiff gait, arched back, weakness, recumbent but
BAR (bright, alert, responsive).
Sudden death may resemble enterotoxemia, should see acute bloody diarrhea, convulsions,
opisthotonos in first days of life with enterotoxemia.
Which pair of neonatal calf diarrheas both have public health/zoonotic significance?
A - Colibacillosis, Ostertagiasis
B - Colibacillosis, Rotavirus
C - Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonella
D - Salmonella, Coccidiosis
E - Clostridium perfringens, Coronavirus - ✔✔C - Cryptosporidiosis, Salmonella
,Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a protozoa implicated in drinking water-associated outbreaks of
diarrhea in humans; Salmonellae can infect humans from a number of different sources (turtles,
chickens, eggs)
E. Coli can cause human disease, but Ostertagia and bovine rotavirus do not. (There IS a
human version of rotavirus, however)
C. perfringens can be found in soil and in the normal gut flora and is not contagious.
Swainsonine is a toxic compound present in which one of the following plants?
A - Persea americana (Avocado)
B - Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken fern)
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk vetch)
D - Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry)
E - Nerium oleander (Oleander) - ✔✔C - Astragalus flavus (Milk vetch)
Swainsonine is found in many species of Astragalus and Oxytropis, called locoweeds, vetches, or
milk vetches.
Ingestion of swainsonine causes neurologic signs of cerebral disease, called "locoism" in
livestock. Behavior changes, aggression, ataxia, depression, circling, and vision loss are some of
the clinical signs seen.
,Recovery is possible with removal of the source, but since locoweed is palatable, animals may
eat it again even when other forage is available.
Cattle consuming locoweed at high altitudes can develop congestive heart failure, called "High
mountain disease". Pulmonary hypertension causes excessive strain on the heart muscle.
Nerium oleander (Oleander) contains cardiac gylcosides.
Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken fern) contains glycosides and thiaminase.
Persea americana (Avocado) contains persin.
Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry) contains cyanide.
An 8-year old Quarterhorse brood mare presents with an acute onset of colic. On presentation
she has a heart rate of 58, respiratory rate of 28, and is seen rolling on the ground. CRT is
approximately 3.0 seconds and mucous membranes are slightly red. She has rectal
temperature is 101.6F. Gastrointestinal sounds are completely absent and gastric reflux yielded
15L of brown- to yellow- colored fluid. Peritoneal fluid analysis yielded a cloudy yellow fluid
with a protein of 2.8 gm/dl and white blood cell count of 11,354/ul. Which of the following is
not a likely diagnosis?
Epiploic foramen entrapment
Mesenteric rent
Small intestinal volvulus
Strangulating lipoma - ✔✔Strangulating lipoma
, Explanation - The correct answer is strangulating lipoma. The clinical signs are consistent with
any of the answer choices. However, a strangulating lipoma is least likely to be the case since
this horse is still relatively young. Strangulating lipomas are commonly seen in older horses.
What is the main lesion associated with polioencephalomalacia in cattle?
Necrosis of cortical gray matter
Bacterial infiltration of the gyri
Normocytic, normochromic anemia
Herniation of the cerebellum - ✔✔Necrosis of cortical gray matter
Explanation - The correct answer is necrosis of the cortical grey matter. A normocytic,
normochromic anemia is considered an anemia of chronic disease and is not really a lesion.
Herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum or the occipital cortex under the
tentorium cerebelli may occur, however, only in severe cases, and is associated more with
severe swelling of the brain as in salt poisoning. Polio results from thiamine deficiency and
has nothing to do with bacterial invasion in the brain.
A 4 month old Holstein heifer has a loud cough, tachypnea, diarrhea, and ill thrift of 8 days
duration. However, there are no signs of sepsis, depression, or loss of appetite. On physical
exam, you could hear crackles and wheezes over the lung fields and a harsh bronchial tone
cranioventrally. Given this presentation what is the most likely diagnosis?
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