NUR 2063 Essential of Pathophysiology Exam Prep
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2 Electrolytes that contains higher levels of extracellular fluid? - ✔✔(Sodium and Chloride.)
in biology, body fluid that is not contained in cells. It is found in blood, in lymph, in body cavities
lined with serous (moisture-exuding) membrane, in the cavities and channels of the brain and
spinal cord, and in muscular and other body tissues.
Intracellular fluid contains higher levels of which electrolyte? - ✔✔(Potassium) The fluid is
often secreted by cells to provide a constant environment for cellular operations.
Fluid loss from the body occurs in which ways? - ✔✔Gastrointestinal losses (vomiting,
diarrhea, and nasogastric suctioning)
Excessive diaphoresis (sweating)
Hemorrhage
Diabetes mellitus (which causes renal glucose excretion and, in turn, results in water losses)
Diabetes insipidus (an inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive water loss).
Hyponatremia can result in what fatal action? - ✔✔Hyponatremia occurs when the
concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps
regulate the amount of water that's in and around your cells. In hyponatremia, one or more
factors — ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water — cause
the sodium in your body to become diluted. When this happens, your body's water levels rise,
and your cells begin to swell. This swelling can cause many health problems, from mild to life-
threatening.
Bones are a reservoir for what electrolyte? - ✔✔Mainly Calcium but is found with
magnesium and phosphorus.
, The normal lab value range for potassium, what happens to the body when outside this range?
- ✔✔It is critical to the proper functioning of nerve and muscles cells, particularly heart
muscle cells. Normally, your blood potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). A
very low potassium level (less than 2.5 mmol/L ) can be life-threatening and requires urgent
medical attention.
The normal lab value range for sodium, what happens to the body when outside this range? -
✔✔SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its
chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and to
transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.
Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L
The normal lab value range for calcium, what happens to the body when outside this range? -
✔✔CALCIUM - involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer muscular
contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting and cardiac function. Regulated by
parathyroid.
Calcium, ionized: 4.4 - 5.1 mg/dL
Calcium, serum: 8.4 - 10.2 mEq/dl
Calcium, urine: 100 - 300 mg/24 h
The normal lab value range for magnesium, what happens to the body when outside this
range? - ✔✔MAGNESIUM- The normal range for blood magnesium level is 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL
(0.85 to 1.10 mmol/L). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.
Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about
the meaning of your specific test results.
The normal lab value range for phosphorus , what happens to the body when outside this
range? - ✔✔PHOSPHORUS - Generally inverse with Calcium. Phosphorus, serum: 3.0 - 4.5
mg/dL
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