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AN 3203 -EQUINUS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AN 3203 -EQUINUS EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
What is Equinus? - ANSWER The inability of being able to produce 10
degrees of dorsiflexion during normal gait.
What angle does Equinus measure? - ANSWER The Angle of the Tibia
Relative to the Ground During GAIT!
Important DURING GAIT...not statically:
Studies have shown that there is ________ correlation between
________ ________ conditions and ________ measures of Dorsiflexion
The ________ degree static rule was a "Root Postulate"
Most symptom ________ ankle joints do not reach 10 degrees of
dorsiflexion DURING GAIT - ANSWER Studies have shown that there
is no correlation between lower limb conditions and static measures of
Dorsiflexion
The 10-degree static rule was a "Root Postulate"
Most symptom-free ankle joints do not reach 10 degrees of dorsiflexion
DURING GAIT
Why was N = 5?:
-each subject was taken to the operating room for insertion of the
________ pins.
-Self-drilling, ________ mm diameter pins (Synthes, Bettlach,
Switzerland) were inserted under local anaesthetic - ANSWER -each
subject was taken to the operating room for insertion of the intracortical
pins.
-Self-drilling, 1.6 mm diameter pins (Synthes, Bettlach, Switzerland)
were inserted under local anaesthetic
,Why are Humans Susceptible?
-Many ________ walk on their toes.
-Sufficient for them, because they have 4 feet and therefore the
relatively ________ contact area of each ground contact is made up by
the fact that they have 4 points of contact.
-Therefore base of support is ________ despite small contact points
As a biped, we need to get a ________ proportion of our leg to contact
the ground. - ANSWER -Many quadripeds walk on their toes.
-Sufficient for them, because they have 4 feet and therefore the
relatively small contact area of each ground contact is made up by the
fact that they have 4 points of contact. Therefore base of support is large
despite small contact points
-As a biped, we need to get a larger proportion of our leg to contact the
ground.
As a biped, we need to get a larger proportion of our leg to contact the
ground For two reasons - ANSWER 1.To increase ground contact area.
2.To maintain stability by having a larger base of support than if we were
standing on two sets of toes.
The Split Second Effect:
We likely inherited ________ stance from the apes who used their back
legs like another set of arms.
Advantageous for us because this gives us a "________" foot than if we
remained on our toes (digitigrade). - ANSWER We likely inherited
plantigrade stance from the apes who used their back legs like another
set of arms.
Advantageous for us because this gives us a "Longer" foot than if we
remained on our toes (digitigrade).
, Advantages of being Biped Include - ANSWER Forelimbs are available
to use tools.
List 3 disadvantages - ANSWER -Probably slower than our quadruped
(digitigrade, unguligrade) counterparts
-Less stable (fall risk)
-Subject to foot pathologies such as hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis,
Achilles tendinosis
But How Does being a Biped Make Us Susceptible to Foot Pathology? -
ANSWER EQUINUS!
There are normally 3 Rocker Motions that allow humans to get through
stance phase properly - ANSWER 1.R1 (Heel Rocker
2.R2 (Ankle Rocker)
3.R3 (Forefoot Rocker)
R1 Heel Rocker - ANSWER -After heel strike, the foot rolls over the
rounded calcaneus until the forefoot lands on the ground.
-There is never an issue with this rocker as it requires only ankle plantar
flexion which is rarely an issue.
R2 Ankle Rocker - ANSWER -The tibia rolls over the talus and takes
the rest of the body with it.
-To get through a gait cycle with minimal damage, one requires sufficient
ankle dorsiflexion.
-The purpose is to angulate the tibia forward so that centre of mass can
stay over the base of support (the foot)
T or F:
If sufficient dorsiflexion cannot be achieved we have failure of R2 -
ANSWER TRUE
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