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AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 - 2025
Give,one,reason,why,schema's,are,useful?,ANS,-
When,we're,in,unknown,situations,schemas,help,us,know,how,to,behave.,So,when,we,do,not,know,what
,to,do,our,schema,fills,in,the,gaps,for,us,and,allow,us,to,process,situations,better.
Give,one,reason,why,schema's,are,not,useful?,ANS,-
schemas,may,exclude,information,which,doesn't,conform,to,our,prior,expectations.,As,a,result,,we,may,f
orm,stereotypes,which,are,difficult,to,shift,,even,if,new,disputing,information,is,presented.,This,means,w
e,may,not,be,processing,the,world,around,us,accurately,and,may,misjudge,or,represent,a,person,or,situa
tion.
Discuss,the,defense,mechanism,shown,by,Jed?,ANS,-
Displacement,is,when,we,redirect,our,hostile,feelings,onto,something,else,because,it,is,not,appropriate,t
o,express,their,feeling,towards,the,person,or,object,in,question.,Jed,can't,take,his,frustration,out,on,his,t
eacher,,who,issued,the,detention,and,he,displaced,his,feelings,by,kicking,the,locker.
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,,
(A01,Behaviourist),ANS,-
The,behaviourist,approach,suggests,that,the,basic,processes,that,govern,learning,in,all,species,are,the,sa
me.,We,learn,through,two,concepts:,operant,conditioning,and,classical,conditioning.
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,,(classical,con
ditioning),ANS,-
The,idea,of,classical,conditioning,was,developed,by,Pavlov,who,found,that,we,learn,through,association.,
He,found,that,it,was,possible,to,condition,dogs,to,associate,the,sound,of,a,bell,with,food.,This,resulted,in,
the,dogs,producing,a,salivation,response,at,the,sound,of,a,bell,even,when,no,food,was,present.,Pavlov,d
emonstrated,that,repeated,exposure,to,an,event,leads,to,a,learned,and,uncontrollable,behaviour.
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,,(operant,con
ditioning),ANS,-
Skinner,suggested,behaviour,resulted,from,learning,through,the,consequences,of,our,actions.,He,conduc
ted,research,into,operant,conditioning,theory,using,rats,,and,found,that,three,types,of,consequences,will
,affect,behaviour:,positive,reinforcement,involves,rewarding,a,behaviour,,which,increases,it,being,repeat
, ed;,negative,reinforcement,involves,removing,an,unpleasant,outcome,to,increase,it,being,repeated;,puni
shment,involves,adding,an,unpleasant,outcome,reducing,the,behaviour.
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,,(similarity,to,
biological),ANS,-
Both,the,behaviourist,approach,and,biological,approach,share,a,similarity,in,being,determinist.,Both,igno
re,the,influence,that,the,person,can,have,and,whether,they,have,free,will,and,can,make,their,own,choice
s,in,these,decisions.
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,,(difference),
ANS,-
However,,they,differ,in,that,the,behaviourist,approach,is,environmentally,determinist,while,the,biologica
l,approach,is,biologically,determinist.,Stating,that,behaviour,is,the,product,of,internal,biological,factors,(
e.g.,genes,,hormones,,neurotransmitters,,etc.),while,behaviourists,argue,that,behaviour,is,determined,b
y,the,environment,and,is,a,product,of,stimulus-response,associations
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,(similarity),AN
S,-
Both,approaches,take,a,nomothetic,approach,when,studying,human,behaviour.,Both,investigate,behavio
ur,to,try,to,create,universal,laws,that,apply,to,all,human,beings.,Biologists,argue,that,this,is,possible,beca
use,human,beings,share,similar,physiologies,,and,behaviourists,argue,that,this,is,possible,because,all,beh
aviour,is,the,result,of,learning,and,stimulus-
response,associations.,Therefore,,the,aim,of,generating,universal,laws,that,apply,to,all,humans,is,anothe
r,similarity,between,the,behaviourist,and,biological,approaches.
Outline,the,key,features,of,the,behaviourist,approach.,Compare,to,the,biological,approach,(nature,+,nurt
ure),ANS,-the,behaviourist,approach,and,biological,approach,are,different,in,their,position,on,the,nature-
nurture,debate.,Behaviourist,views,rest,firmly,on,the,nurture,side,of,the,debate,,and,that,human,beings,
are,blank,slates,and,that,all,behaviour,is,learned.,Biological,psychologists,argue,a,nature-
based,view,of,behaviour.,They,posit,that,behaviour,is,the,result,of,innate,biological,factors,(e.g.,genes,,h
ormones,,neurotransmitters.,etc.),and,is,,therefore,,the,product,of,nature,and,not,nurture.,Therefore,,de
spite,their,similarities,in,terms,of,determinism,and,their,approach,to,investigation,,the,behaviourist,and,
biological,approaches,are,radically,different,in,terms,of,their,position,on,the,nature-nurture,debate.
Name,a,difference,between,somatic,nervous,system,and,autonomic,nervous,system?,ANS,-
The,somatic,nervous,system,facilitates,communication,between,the,central,nervous,system,and,the,outs
ide,world,,whereas,the,autonomic,nervous,system,plays,an,important,role,in,maintaining,internal,proces
ses,like,body,temperature.
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