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What is the recommended dietary fluid allowance for patients aged 65 years or older? -
Answer- 25 ml/kcal

What vitamin deficiency is likely in a patient with the following characteristics: 55-years
old, dark skin, works long hours indoors, spends free time indoors, body mass index
higher than 30 m/kg2, avoids milk/is lactose-intolerant. - Answer- vitamin D

Counseling techniques to encourage breastfeeding include: - Answer- active listening;
asking open ended questions; reflecting

How long should parenteral nutrition be withheld in a well-nourished ICU patient who
has been in a motor vehicle accident and is currently classified as NPO and enteral
intake is not feasible? - Answer- > 7 days

What is the main positive cation present in extracellular fluid and essential for
maintenance of the osmotic pressure? - Answer- sodium

If a patient needs to increase calcium intake but dislikes dairy products and fails to meet
the recommended 1,000 mg calcium daily for adults aged 19-50 years, which food
would provide the most sufficient calcium to address their needs? - Answer- 3 ounces
canned salmon (with soft bones)

nutrients uses the highest amount of energy for metabolism and storage? - Answer-
protein

a concern in patients who are unable to initiate an oral diet or enteral nutrition and need
to start parenteral nutrition? - Answer- bacterial translocation possibly resulting in
infection

NOT among the "Big 8" allergenic foods? - Answer- rice

The goal of enteral feeding in the intensive care unit should be _____ of target energy
expenditure by indirect calorimetry. - Answer- 11-14kcal/kg/CBW for BMI 30-50

,function of lipids - Answer- They act as thermal insulation for certain organs; They
provide energy during starvation; They act as electrical insulators along myelinated
nerves

Inquiring about cultural/religious food preferences and/or food avoidances can _____: -
Answer- improve accuracy of a diet order that is reflective of the patient's food
preferences, leading to better patient satisfaction

In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a recommendation to remove
__from diets of children younger than 1 year. - Answer- juice

allowed in the diet of individuals with fructose intolerance - Answer- berries

What is the recommended weight gain for an obese pregnant woman? - Answer- 11-20
lbs

denotes an enlargement of an organ or tissues caused by growth in cell size - Answer-
hypertrophy

Iodine deficiency in a pregnant woman can lead to development of which condition in
the newborn? - Answer- cretinism

The structure that anchors the yolk in the center of an egg is called _____. - Answer-
chalazee

Improves the readability of nutrition education materials - Answer- high contrast; non-
glossy paper; bold type

young, castrated male chicken, which is very tender and meaty - Answer- capon

size egg is most commonly used in baking recipes - Answer- large

potential role of probiotics - Answer- They prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing;
They acidify the pH of the colon by producing fermentation products such as short-chain
fatty acids; They enhance the host's immune defense system by increasing secretory
IgA production

The first "milk produced by the mother, colostrum, is particularly high in which of the
following compounds? - Answer- carotenoids (which is why it tends to be yellowish in
color)

Which anion has a higher concentration in the intracellular space compared to
extracellular space? - Answer- potassium

Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of this protein, which is important for vision. -
Answer- rhodopsin

,insulin's role as an anabolic steroid - Answer- Promotes glycogen storage; Builds
muscle out of amino acids; Encourages the building of triacylglycerols

Warfarin acts as a vitamin K antagonist by inhibiting _____. - Answer- vitamin K epoxide
reductase

considered a functional fiber - Answer- polydextrose

sweetener is made with rebaudioside A - Answer- stevia

example of the "teach back" method - Answer- can you tell me in your own words what
changes you will make when going home?

Consideration when translating educational materials in a culturally sensitive way -
Answer- Content should be translated for meaning rather than word for word; Avoid
translating until the text is written well in English; Use multiple reviewers to check for
cultural and linguistic appropriateness

benefit of using reflective listening - Answer- It conveys empathy; It slows down the
process of client visits; It encourages "change talk"

_____ sampling is a method whereby name of prospective interview subjects for a
statistical study are obtained from subjects already interviewed - Answer- snowball

needs to be present in motivational interviewing - Answer- engaging, focusing, evoking

Lack of appetite and rapid muscle breakdown associated with disease is known as: -
Answer- cachexia

What can diarrhea after meals be attributed to in patients who have had a gastric
resection? - Answer- rapid entry of sugars into the duodenum

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that is produced in the - Answer- intestines

Enterocytes are - Answer- cells of the GI tract

The recommended meal plan for most people with cystic fibrosis is - Answer- high
kilocalorie, protein, fat, and sodium

Which immunoglobulin mediates the classical type of food allergy? - Answer- IgE

World Health Organization growth charts for children younger than age 2 are based on
data from which populations? - Answer- infants who were primarily breastfed untik 4
months of age

, What does a fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 129 indicate? - Answer- diabetes

Which condition involves damaged enterocytes caused by ingesting foods that are not
harmful to most people? - Answer- celiac disease

_____ affects any area of the gastrointestinal tract while _____ affects only the large
intestine - Answer- chrohn's disease; ulcerative colitis

What is the organization that accredits and certifies hospitals? - Answer- the Joint
Commision

What occurs causes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes? - Answer-
insulin resistance at the site of the fat and muscle cells

What risk is associated with a type 1 diabetes patient trying to maintain hemoglobin
(Hgb) A1c at 6.0 %? - Answer- hypoglycemia

Which Nutrition Care Process step involves approaches to promote changes in patient
behavior ? - Answer- intervention

In a nutrition diagnostic statement, signs and symptoms refer to: - Answer- subjective
and objective data used to determine if the nutrition diagnosis is accurate

breastmilk produced by a mother with a premature infant compared with the breastmilk
of the mother of a full-term infant - Answer- Lower in lactose content; Higher in protein
content; Higher in energy content

A child with phenylketonuria has deficiency of which enzyme? - Answer- phenyalanine
hydroxylase

included in assessment of functional status in older adults to perform daily activities to
meet basic needs and live independently - Answer- eating, telephoning, food prep

A person with a body mass index of 30.0 kg/m2 is considered to be _____ - Answer-
obese

A delayed gastric emptying condition associated with autonomic nerve damange related
to diabetes mellitus is called _____. - Answer- gastroparesis

Hyperglycemia between 5 AM and 9 AM caused by cortisol and growth hormone, which
stimulate gluconeogenesis, is called the _____ phenomenon. - Answer- dawn

Polypharmacy most commonly affects which population? - Answer- elderly

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