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MICROIMM 2500 Microbiology and Immunology exam review complete solution update topic 1-topic 10 complete update (The University of Western Ontario)$14.99
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Human Immune System
- Innate Immunity (natural, non-specific)
- Adaptive Immunity (acquired, specific)
o B-cell immunity
o T-cell immunity
o Vaccines
, Topic 2: Innate Immunity: Intro & Barriers
Learning Objectives:
- Identify key properties of Innate Immunity
- How barriers prevent pathogen entry into tissues
- Extracellular vs Intracellular pathogens
Innate Immunity
- First line of defense
- Constantly ready to destroy pathogen
- No memory (non-adaptive)
o Same immune response to identical pathogen w/ each exposure
Innate Immune Defenses
- Barriers = Block pathogen entry into tissues
- Innate Cells = Rapidly eliminate pathogens that enter tissue
Epithelial Cells
- Form tight junctions
- Rapidly divide
- Shed (desquamination) of epithelial cells => Removes adherent pathogens
- Secrete antimicrobial peptide to kill pathogens => Defensins
o Defensins = Form pores in cell membrane of bacteria, fungi, parasites to blow
up
▪ Efflux => Nutrients, essential oils (out of microbe)
▪ Influx => Water from extracellular environment into microbe (into
microbe)
o Microbes Do Not develop resistance to defensins
- Goblet Cells = Epithelial cells that secrete mucus
o Secrete mucin that mix w/ water to make mucus
- Microbiota associate w/ epithelial cells & line all pathogen entry points
o Compete w/ pathogens for nutrients
o Form barrier payer on top of epithelial cells
Other Barriers:
- Mechanical => flushing out (tears, sneezing)
- Chemical => Enzymes, low pH, antibacterial peptides
- Microbiological => normal flora/microbiota
Extracellular Pathogen
- Outside cell (All pathogens have extracellular phase)
- Bacteria
o Can replicate (self-reproduce)
o Mostly Extracellular
Intracellular Pathogen
- Inside cell
- Virus
o Cannot self-reproduce (Must enter nucleated cell to replicate)
o Must have extracellular & intracellular phase
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