100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Test Bank for Managerial Accounting 16th Edition update by Ray H Garrison ALL CHAPTERS COVERD $17.49
Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Test Bank for Managerial Accounting 16th Edition update by Ray H Garrison ALL CHAPTERS COVERD

 0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Test Bank for Managerial Accounting 16th Edition update by Ray H Garrison ALL CHAPTERS COVERD Test Bank for Managerial Accounting 16th Edition update by Ray H Garrison ALL CHAPTERS COVERD Test Bank for Managerial Accounting 16th Edition update by Ray H Garrison ALL CHAPTERS COVERD Test Bank for Man...

[Show more]

Preview 10 out of 763  pages

  • November 7, 2024
  • 763
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
avatar-seller
12314567
899 99
  4 
9
 


,01234678690490
 
 

 

!"#$%
 
 
&'

 

()
! #$%
 
 
*"

+,-../
*
'


.0
*1 
%2
3%'4-

.5(
6,2 $ 
 
63-!
4 30)
6117%8


!
9
 :;./%
+
8

;(
<*,$8



'43 7

.;
!6




2 
5
+1'43 

39=
=
0/(
!"19447

! >79
 :0(/
!  8

9

(;
*
634
*"
(?
*4*637

)0

, Ž‘’“”•”


1232456728 373423
  35
 6734 7376275535
”
–’“—˜—™”š›œ’‘˜’ž”
””›óž˜—’ž”ž”ôšó”ž” ”




Ÿ¡¢”£¤¥¦§¨©”ª«¬¡¢”•­”¦®¤”£ª®¤¯¥”°¡”«°¯¡”®±”
”
–š•²•” ³´µ¶·¸¹º´µ»¼½¸¹»¼¾º¸¸¿À¿¼º¹¿½´¸»
Á¸¶µ»À½·»º¸¸¿Â´¿´Â»¼½¸¹¸»¹½»¼½¸¹»
½ÃĶ¼¹¸Å»µ¿·¶¼¹»¼½¸¹¸»º´µ»¿´µ¿·¶¼¹»
¼½¸¹¸Æ»
–š•²Ç” ȵ¶´¹¿ÀÉ»º´µ»Â¿Ê¶»¶ËºÌ;¶¸»
½À»¶º¼Î»½À»¹Î¶»¹Î·¶¶»Ãº¸¿¼»
̺´ÁÀº¼¹Á·¿´Â»¼½¸¹»¼º¹¶Â½·¿¶¸Æ»
–š•²Ï” ³´µ¶·¸¹º´µ»¼½¸¹»¼¾º¸¸¿À¿¼º¹¿½´¸»
Á¸¶µ»¹½»Í·¶Íº·¶»À¿´º´¼¿º¾»



!

"#$%%
&
'$( ¸¹º¹¶Ì¶´¹¸Å»Í·½µÁ¼¹»¼½¸¹¸»º´µ»
 Ͷ·¿½µ»¼½¸¹¸Æ»
)*+,-./0123+.4252667/,8+9258*+:37567; <173352=>?@AB>CDBEF*+
6.7G/5+9 87 0H829G/,/58.28/I+ +J6+,5+5KLI+. 2, MMNO+2.6+./79P8*+
–š•²Ð” ³´µ¶·¸¹º´µ»¼½¸¹»¼¾º¸¸¿À¿¼º¹¿½´¸»
Á¸¶µ»¹½»Í·¶µ¿¼¹»¼½¸¹»Ã¶ÎºÊ¿½·Å»
QECRBA>CFS=>29G/,/58.28/I+*+2907H,8*2903/GT+9TOMPUUU+G637O++5P7.VWXK ʺ·¿ºÃ¾¶»¼½¸¹¸Ñ»À¿Ë¶µ»¼½¸¹¸Ñ»º´µ»
Y*/5Z.748*.28+6.208/0233O97HT3+98*+[20H38O2,958H9+,8Z.748*.28+59H./,Z ̿˶µ»¼½¸¹¸Æ»
8*+52G+8/G+6+./79K\+O7,98*+9/562./8O/,*+2907H,8Z.748*.28+5P8*+ –š•²Ò” ³´µ¶·¸¹º´µ»¼½¸¹»¼¾º¸¸¿À¿¼º¹¿½´¸»
B]B^QFCRB?_D`CEC>FA_FaA>=?b_S?A_C>B>?B]^BBDBD?FcB?b_S.2/5+5Z/I+,87[20H38O
`B`dBA>e?fcCgB?_F?FcB?>_`B?FC̀B?FcB?QECRBA>CFS=>/,N5828+8H/8/7,2,9[++5G7.+ Á¸¶µ»¿´»ÌºÓ¿´Â»µ¶¼¿¸¿½´¸Å»
8*2,97HT3+9K µ¿ÀÀ¶·¶´¹¿º¾»¼½¸¹¸Ñ»¸Á´Ó»¼½¸¹¸Ñ»º´µ»
hAi?j_gBA=>?^a>F?^QFFCEk?BllaAF>?CE^gQDBD?^ga>CEk?DamBE>?al?B]FBE>CaE50*773 ½Íͽ·¹Á´¿¹É»¼½¸¹¸Æ»
7[[/0+5P[.++n/,Z7..+9H0/,Z5232./+5P+3/G/,28/,ZMo02.233742,0+5P.+58.H08H./,Z
*+238*02.+2,9.+8/.+G+,8T+,+[/85P2,9+3/G/,28/,Z8*+L[[/0+7[p029+G/0 –š•²Ô” Õ·¶Íº·¶»¿´¼½Ì¶»¸¹º¹¶Ì¶´¹¸»À½·»º»
p9G/,/58.28/7,q2G7I+8*280H8rKr[H33N8/G+675/8/7,5/,03H9/,Z25+,/7.I/0+N ̶·¼Îº´µ¿¸¿´Â»¼½Ìͺ´É»Á¸¿´Â»¹Î¶»
6.+5/9+,84*7+2.,+9G7.+8*2,sVUUPUUUKt ¹·ºµ¿¹¿½´º¾»º´µ»¼½´¹·¿ÃÁ¹¿½´»À½·Ìº¹¸Æ»
u7H.0+vw7HZ325\+3x/,2,9u0788Y*H.GPyhB_E=>z/58v{/./,Zu6.++|288+,5}733+Z+\H.+2H0.20Oqp,9~QCFCaEe –š•²Ö” ×ØÙÙÚÛÜÝÞßàØáßâÜÚÛãÝäåßãæÚßäçèéß
€$‚ƒƒ„%$$%†
‡ƒPw+0+GT+.ˆ‰ŠVUPˆUMˆP66KpM2,9pMUK ãåÙÚêßçäßëèìíÝãåßîçêãêßìÛÜßÚÞÙíìÝÛß
æçïßãæÚåßÝÛãÚéìîãðß
–š•²ñ” ×ØÙÙÚÛÜÝÞßàØáßòéÚÙìéÚßìÛÜß
ÝÛãÚéÙéÚãßìßëèìíÝãåßîçêãßéÚÙçéãðß
‹Œ

, 0
TUVUWXYZU[\]]^_V`ZVWUVab^c`b^V]Xd`c ef
VstlUqn]l]l^k_uqVrv`qZwx
VWngx]pl^wl
c`cnsy]qUzrV{h X][UccZiZXaaZiiXYXV`[jklmlnkonpqrnq
ql|xwm}l~qstlq{r}rp€lqwlnsornlkqstxsqiZVUV]ZU[
U]]^_V`ZVWouqrnl{nlkq‚ostq{lmr{sonpqvonxnox}qonvr{wxsornqsrql|sl{nx}qmx{solu~q
u€tqxuqusrƒtr}kl{u~q{lkosr{u~qxnkq{lp€}xsr{uyq„nqstouqrnsl|s~qrusuqx{lq}xuuovolkq
onqxr{kxnlq‚ostql|sl{nx}}qowmrulkq{€}luqsrqlnx†}lqstlqm{lmx{xsornqrvqvonxnox}qusxsl‡q
wlnsuyqˆrn‰l{ul}~qŠUVUWXYZU[U]]^_V`ZVWouqrnl{nlkq‚ostqm{r‰okonpqonvr{wxsornqsrq
wxnxpl{uq‚ostonqxnqr{pxno‹xsornqurqstxsqstlqxnqvr{w€}xslqm}xnu~qrns{r}qrml{xsornu~qxnkq
wxƒlqklouornuyq„nqstlulqrnsl|su~qrusuqx{lq}xuuovolkqonqko‰l{ulq‚xuqstxsqlnx†}lqwxn‡q
xpl{uqsrqm{lkosqv€s€{lqrusu~qsrqrwmx{lqxs€x}qrusuqsrq†€kplslkqrusu~qsrqxuuopnqrusuq
srqulpwlnsuqrvqstlq†€uonluuqŒu€tqxuqm{rk€sq}onlu~qplrp{xmtoq{lpornu~qxnkqkous{o†€sornq
txnnl}u~qxnkqsrqm{rml{}qrns{xusqstlqrusuqxuuroxslkq‚ostqrwmlsonpqx}sl{nxso‰luyq
Žtlqnrsornqrvq‘‘’“’”•–—˜™•–—š›™™‘—›•˜”™–‘˜“–‘‘’“’”•–œ“œ˜™’™–ouqstlqwrusqowmr{‡q
sxnsq€novonpqstlwlqrvqstouqtxmsl{qxnkqrnlqrvqstlqƒlqvr€nkxsornx}qrnlmsuqrvqstlq
lnso{lqsl|s†rrƒyqž|to†osqŸŸqu€wwx{o‹luqvo‰lqsmluqrvqrusq}xuuovoxsornuqstxsq‚o}}q†lq
€ulkqst{r€ptr€sqstlqsl|s†rrƒ~qnxwl}qrusq}xuuovoxsornuqŒŸqvr{qxuuopnonpqrusuqsrqrusq
r†¡lsu~qŒ¢qvr{qwxn€vxs€{onpqrwmxnolu~qŒ£qvr{qm{lmx{onpqvonxnox}qusxslwlnsu~qŒ¤qvr{q
m{lkosonpqrusq†ltx‰or{~qxnkqŒ¥qvr{qwxƒonpqklouornuyq¦uq‚lq†lponqklvononpqstlqrusqsl{‡q
wonr}rpq{l}xslkqsrqlxtqrvqstlulqrusq}xuuovoxsornu~qm}lxulq{lvl{q†xƒqsrqstouql|to†osqsrq
tl}mqowm{r‰lqr€{q€nkl{usxnkonpqrvqstlqr‰l{x}}qr{pxno‹xsornqrvqstlqtxmsl{yq
q
q
234527844998593 43449 923454532345 54
ˆrusuqx{lqxuuopnlkqsrqrusqr†¡lsuqvr{qxq‰x{olsqrvqm€{mruluqon}€konpqm{oonp~qm{lmx{onpq ª
m{rvosx†o}osqus€kolu~qxnkqrns{r}}onpqumlnkonpyq¦q]^c`^h§X]`ouqxnstonpqvr{q‚totqrusq «;B2.168;B3:0163:7811949:8690;13
kxsxqx{lqkluo{lk¨on}€konpqm{rk€su~q€usrwl{u~qxnkqr{pxno‹xsornx}qu€†€nosuyqzr{qm€{‡q -12B340.38119=;9;=3:01613603
mruluqrvqxuuopnonpqrusuqsrqrusqr†¡lsu~qrusuqx{lq}xuuovolkqxuqlostl{q“’—•–r{q”“’—•©– :01630>?2:61¬3B9.2:63:016138;B3
– 9;B9.2:63:0161­3
–
––





!"#$"%#&'"%(&&)$)*')#+&"
,-./01230435016357811949:8690;3 5016357811949:8690;13
<119=;9;=3:01613603:01630>?2:613 A3H9.2:63:0163I:8;3>2328197E36.8:2BJ3
A3K;B9.2:63:0163I:8;;063>2328197E36.8:2BJ3
<::0-;69;=340.3:016139;3@8;-48:6-.9;=3 A3F8;-48:6-.9;=3:01613
:0@/8;9213 ALH9.2:63@862.98713
ALH9.2:6378>0.3
ALF8;-48:6-.9;=30D2.C28B3
A3M0;@8;-48:6-.9;=3:01613
ALN2779;=3:01613
AL<B@9;916.869D23:01613
,.2/8.9;=349;8;:987316862@2;613 AL,.0B-:63:01613I9;D2;60.98>72J3
3
,.2B9:69;=3:0163>2C8D90.39;3.21/0;123
AL,2.90B3:01613I2O/2;12BJ3
ALP8.98>723:0163I/.0/0.690;8736038:69D96EJ3
603:C8;=2139;38:69D96E3 ALQ9O2B3:0163I:0;168;639;360687J3
3
F8G9;=3B2:9190;13
ALF9O2B3:0163IC813D8.98>7238;B349O2B3272@2;61J3
ALH9442.2;69873:0163IB9442.13>26R22;38762.;869D21J3
ALN-;G3:0163I1C0-7B3>239=;0.2BJ3
ALS//0.6-;96E3:0163I40.2=0;23>2;2496J3

,  




!"#$%&"#
'()*++,-./(0(12/3(3403(105(67(70/.89(05:(125;75.75389(3<017:(32(0(/=71.>.7:(12/3(
26?713@(A2<(7B0C=87D(.>(E)*)-./(0//.F5.5F(12/3/(32(.3/(;0<.2G/(<7F.2508(05:(503.2508(
/087/(2>>.17/D(3475(347(/080<9(2>(347(/087/(C050F7<(.5(.3/(H2I92(2>>.17(J2G8:(67(0(
:.<713(12/3(2>(3403(2>>.17@(K>(0(=<.53.5F(12C=059(C0:7(LMDMMM(6<214G<7/(>2<(0(/=71.>.1(
1G/32C7<D(3475(347(12/3(2>(347(=0=7<(G/7:(32(C0I7(347(6<214G<7/(J2G8:(67(0(:.<713(12/3(
2>(3403(1G/32C7<@(
( NOP
!"#$%&"#
'5(*Q)*++,-./(0(12/3(3403(105523(67(70/.89(05:(125;75.75389(3<017:(32(0(/=71.>.7:(
12/3(26?713@(A2<(7B0C=87D(0(RSTTU,V>0132<9(C09(=<2:G17(:2W75/(2>(;0<.73.7/(
XYZ[\]]^_Z̀Xab`cZde^ZY\[fXghZi\]\j^gk`Z̀\l\ghZmXal_Zn^Z\]Zo]_og^[fZ[X`fZXYZ\Zb\gfo[al\g(
p\go^fhZ`a[eZ\`Z[eo[q^]Z]XX_l^Z`XabcZde^Zg^\`X]ZòZfe\fZfe^ZY\[fXghZi\]\j^gk`Z`\l\ghZò(
.51G<<7:(0/(0(125/7rG7517(2>(<G55.5F(347(753.<7(>0132<9s.3(./(523(.51G<<7:(32(=<2:G17(
059(257(/2G=(;0<.739@(tuvwxvyz{|x}vyuv{v|u~yvuwx|yv~€|v{~v{v‚{zyƒ|€„{zv‚zu}€|yvyxv|u~yv
†€~yvwxv|{€~x}vw‡vyxv|u~yvuwx|yˆvde^ZY\[fXghZi\]\j^gk`Z̀\l\ghZòZ[\ll^_Z\Z|u††u‰v|u~yv
2>(=<2:G1.5F(347(;0<.2G/(=<2:G13/(2>(347(>0132<9@('(+,RR,Q+,-./(0(12/3(3403(./(.51G<<7:(
32(/G==2<3(0(5GC67<(2>(12/3(26?713/(6G3(105523(67(3<017:(32(347C(.5:.;.:G0889@('(12CC25(
12/3(./(0(39=7(2>(.5:.<713(12/3@(
'(=0<3.1G80<(12/3(C09(67(:.<713(2<(.5:.<713D(:7=75:.5F(25(347(12/3(26?713@(Š4.87(347(
‹\ibn^llZŒXabZY\[fXghZi\]\j^gk`Z`\l\ghZòZ\]Zƒ‰}ƒzx|yv12/3(2>(C05G>013G<.5F(14.1I75(
522:87(/2G=D(.3(./(0(}ƒzx|yv12/3(2>(347(C05G>013G<.5F(:.;./.25@(K5(347(>.</3(10/7D(347(12/3(
26?713(./(14.1I75(522:87(/2G=@(K5(347(/7125:(10/7D(347(12/3(26?713(./(347(753.<7(C05G>013G<(
.5F(:.;./.25@(
(
(
(
(
(
( ‘456U‘47UU š›œ›žŸ›¡ž¢œ£¤¥œ¦¦ž§Ÿ£§¨©ª«©¬¬©ª­®¤ž¤š›¯°œ§±œ
( š²³´µ¶··µ¸¹º»³·¼½¾»³¼¾³¶·¼·³µ¿¨ÀÁÂÀÃÃÀÁ­Ä¤½Å·²¯Æ³¿¹³³Ç´³³È¶ÉÊËÌÍÍ͝㻝¶Ï¹¼»³Åµµ·Ð
( ž¿Æ³¶·µ»¶¼»³Ñ½¾¾½¿Ò·µÎ¼º¶¹´²¼²½Ò²Î»½´³¸³´¼¹¶³·²³º´¼¿·¹»¿¼»µ¹¿È¼¿È»³¿··²³½»¶Î¼´³
( ·µ²½Ò²Ó³¿È»³·¼½¾³»¶Ô¶¹´²¼¶Õ159Ö×6ØØ6 6̝Ù1ÚÛ6Ü66̝¼¿È 62271Õ 337ݝŵ»¼¶
( Þ¹´²¼¶ÉßÌÍÍ͝㻝¶Ï¹¼»³Åµµ·Î³»º³¼»ÐàØ91Ø7Öá739Ü­ÄâÄÃãäåâÀÃâæçèâéêëÃÂâ©ìåÁíåâêÄâêÃĝ
( ¶½¿Ò¾³Þµ¶·Î»µÅ½·¼¸¾³¶·µ»³î¸»½¿Ò½¿Ò½¿ÉÊÍ͝޽¾¾½µ¿½¿¼¿¿¹¼¾¶¼¾³¶Ñ²½¾³½¿´¹»»½¿Ò¼¿¿¹¼¾»³¿·
( µÅÉÊïÐ˝޽¾¾½µ¿Ðð²³¿¯¸³»´»µÞ¸½³Þ³¼¶¹»³¶·²³Î»µÅ½·¶³¼»¿³È¼·½·¶¤½Å·²¯Æ³¿¹³¾µ´¼·½µ¿Ì·²³
( »³¿·¼¾³Çγ¿¶³µÅÉÊïÐ˝޽¾¾½µ¿½¶¼È½»³´·´µ¶·µÅµÎ³»¼·½¿Ò·²¼·Î¼»·½´¹¾¼»¶·µ»³Ð
(
( ñòóôõö÷øùôúûøüóýûòþøÿþýø0ÿþÿø1ÿ22úò3ú4ø56ú728ø9 öþóöûø öòúþøöþ2û4ø




!"#$%&'()'*#+,"#+-,+"#
( ../#0,#123#0,-/#
(
(
(
01230562278796371 281 6 8693 7016 72
89:;< Ž05G>013G<.5F(12C=05.7/(/G14(0/(-‘Q-VRQ-D(’,)D(05:(“V”,Q/7=0<037(347.<(
12/3/(.532(3J2(6<20:(1037F2<.7/sC05G>013G<.5F(05:(525C05G>013G<.5F(12/3/@(
( žÈ³¿·½Åº¼¿ÈÒ½Æ³³Ç¼Þ
µÅ³¼´²µÅ·²³·²»³³¸¼¶½´
Þ¼¿¹Å¼´·¹»½¿Ò´µ¶·´¼·³Òµ»½³¶Ð •–O—˜–!"—
O™#$%&"&#
Ž2/3(C05G>013G<.5F(12C=05.7/(>G<347<(/7=0<037(347.<(C05G>013G<.5F(12/3/(.532(3J2(:.<713(
12/3(1037F2<.7/D(:.<713(C037<.08/(05:(:.<713(8062<D(05:(257(.5:.<713(12/3(1037F2<9D(C05G>01(
3G<.5F(2;7<470:@('(:./1G//.25(2>(347/7(34<77(1037F2<.7/(>2882J/@(

, 7898 899899 

#%
!
"

78  8


!
"#$%
!
!
&'
#(!'
!


)#($
*"'+,-!
"

-$$
+
8./8 80

#%
%'
1
!
#%$
+#(&
2
-,%

#!
%

%
!'
#*$3
,(*"'-
%%
+
(!,"$
"
%',"-
%

$#4

1''+
*,$*
'"
#"'(
'"
0
5-!,$$36
"1
!
"#$%
"
)
"
!'
(3
!
"#$%
!
!
"

,%
+
#(

!


)#($
*"'+,-!7
(+
!


)#(#%

+
*"'+,-!
')
'(

-'*(3
-(
2
-'

!


"1
!
"#$%

')
('!

"
-'*(30
8'"

9*$
6
!


*$%!#-%
*"'+,-
+
23
:9"


"1
!
"#$

,%
+
23
; .<:8=8#(
#!%
*
"%'($
-'*,!
"%0

 /8 8"
)
"%
!'
"1
!
"#$%
!
!
2
-'

(
#(!
&"$
*"!
')
!


)#(#%

+

*"'+,-!
(+
1
'%

-'%!%
-(
2

-'(>
(#
(!$3
!"-
+
!'
!


)#(#%

+
*"'+,-!0

#%
1',$+

#(-$,+
6
)'"

9*$
6
!


%
!%
!
!
 ?*,"-
%
%
)"'
%,2-'(!"-!'"%
!'
#(%!$$
#(
#!%

-'
"-#$
#"-")!6
!



$
-!"'(#-
-'*'(
(!%
!
!
,%
%
#(
#!%
#@
'(
%6
(+
!



+''"%
!
!
AB #(%!$$%
'(
#!%
"
)"#&
"!'"%0













0134501655
CDE5@
@5F
CGHH
IEJEF5K
LGGFH
5
8GFMJE




5
+#"
-!
!
"#$
-'*'(
(!
*"!6
-$$
+

+
!
(!
*$,(&
"6
#%
,%
+
23
I
(
"$
L'!'"%
NILO
#(
!





(,)-!,"

')
#!%
,!''2#$

#&(#!#'(
%1#!-

%0



*"!6
1
#-

-(
2

#(%!$$
+
23
+#"
-!
$2'"
"%
#(


!!
"
')
#(,!
%6
-'%!%
IL
2
!1

(
PQ0RR
(+
PS0RR
*
"
,(#!
!'
(,)-!,"
0
D'1
>
"6
1

(
!
#%




%

#(&$3
!"#>#$
-'*'(
(!
*"!
-,%
+
#&(#!#'(
%3%!

)#$,"
%
!
!
4#$$
+
TQ
*
'*$
6
#!%
$
&$
(+


)#((-#$
#*-!%
'(
IL
2
-

)"'(!U*&

(
1%0


VWXY
!"',2$
%
#(-$,+


)
+
"$
-"##($
*"'2

!
!
#%
#(>
%!#&!#(&
1
3
!


-'*(3
+#+
('!



-!
%''(
"
!'
"
+
%#&(6
"
-$$6
(+
"
*$-

!


)$1
+
+
!
(!
*$,(&
"0
Z!
**
"%
%
!
',&

IL
$
"(
+


')
#&(#!#'(
%1#!-

)#$,"
%
#(
#!%
C

>3
C'2$!
#(
QRR[6
2,!
#!
+#+
('!
"
+
U
%#&(
!


+
!
(!
*$,(&
"
!'




$##(!

!


*"'2$

,(!#$
QRR\0
8,"!

"'"
6
!


-'*(3
+#+
('!
#%%,


"
-$$
)'"
-"%
!
!

-'(!#(
+
!


),$!3
#&(#!#'(
%1#!-

%
,(!#$
QRT[0
]
3'(+
#!%
$
&$
!!
"%6
IL

9*
-!%
!'
%*
(+
P^

Ž
uwrm‘o’v†lw“”lrrm• o–l†m‘—m
#$$#'(
"
*$-#(&
!


#&(#!#'(
%1#!-

%
')
T0_
#$$#'(
"
-$$
+
>

#-$
%0

H',"-
`
a
))
]
((
!!6
bcde
IL6
C

*
@"!
J'1

@"#-
3
cfghi
jklmnoppmqrsllrmtuvswop6
L "-

Tx6
QRT[6
**0
]Ty]Q0







 z8? 8?-'(%#%!%
')
$2'"
-'%!%
!
!
-(
2


%#$3
!"-
+
!'
#(+#U

>#+,$
,(#!%
')
*"'+,-!0
{#"
-!
$2'"
#%
%'
!#
%
-$$
+
ruv|kmpo}usm2
-,%

+#"
-!
$2'"

1'"4
"%
!3*#-$$3
!',-

!


*"'+,-!
1
#$

#!
#%
2
#(&
+
0
E9*$
%
')
+#"
-!
$2'"

#(-$,+

%%
2$3U$#(

1'"4
"%
!
~86
-"*
(!
"%
!
!



'

2,#$+
"
€3;/ 6
(+


$
-!"#-#(%
1
'
#(%!$$

,#*
(!
'(
#"-")!
!
3/?8 z 8‚0

L (&
"%
'--%#'($$3
"
)
"
!'
!

#"
!1'
+#"
-!
(,)-!,"#(&
-'%!
-!
&'"#
%
%

ƒs„lm|u†r†‡m: / #%
!


%,
')
+#"
-!
!
"#$%
-'%!
(+
+#"
-!
$2'"
-'%!0

789ˆ8 9 ‰Š B8789ˆ8 9Š B86
!


!
#"+
(,)-!,"#(&
-'%!

-!
&'"36
#(-$,+
%
$$
(,)-!,"#(&
-'%!%

9-
*!
+#"
-!
!
"#$%
(+
+#"
-!
$2'"0
8'"


9*$
6
(,)-!,"#(&
'>
"

+
#(-$,+
%

*'"!#'(
')
"1
!
"#$%
4('1
%
„w‹„sl|rm
orls„op†m%
1
$$
%
„w‹„sl|rmpo}us‡m09 /8 8"

"1
!
"#$%6
%,-

%
!



%'$+
"
,%
+
!'
4


$
-!"#-$
-'((
-!#'(%
#(

58/9 D{Œ
(+
!


&$,

,%
+
!'

%%
2$

(
6B899-
#"6
1
'%

-'%!%
-(('!
2


%#$3
'"
-'(>
(#
(!$3
!"-
+

!'
)#(#%

+
*"'+,-!%0
09 8?"
)
"%
!'

*$'3

%6
%,-

%
(#!'"%6
%,*
">#%'"%6

!
"#$%

(+$
"%6
#(!
((-

1'"4
"%6
(+
(#&
!
%
-,"#!3
&,"+%6
!
!
*$3
(

%%
(!#$

"'$

#(
",((#(&

(,)-!,"#(&
)-#$#!37

'1
>
"6
!


-'%!
')
-'*
(%!#(&
!

%

*
'*$


-(('!
2


%#$3
'"
-'(>
(#
(!$3
!"-
+
!'
%*
-#)#-
,(#!%
')
*"'+,-!0
H#(-

#(+#"
-!
!
"#U

$%
(+
#(+#"
-!
$2'"
"

+#))#-,$!
!'
!"-

!'
%*
-#)#-
*"'+,-!%6
!

#"
-'%!%
"

#(-$,+
+
#(

(,)-!,"#(&
'>
"

+0

L (,)-!,"#(&
'>
"

+
$%'
#(-$,+
%
'!

"
#(+#"
-!
-'%!%
!
!
-(('!
2

"
+#$3

!"-
+
!'
)#(#%

+
*"'+,-!%
%,-

%
+
*"
-#!#'(
')
(,)-!,"#(&

,#*
(!
(+
!




,  




!"#$%&&'#()%(*)"#+,*&'#+-.#-&
)+-$*#()*/
/&#-$
))*.#%#%(*)+*#+#/+-
0+$
)-1#
0+$!"2#3!4%
14#$%/(+-*&#+!&%#-$
)#.*()*$+%-'#
!"#$%&&'#()%(*)"#+,*&'#+-.#
-&
)+-$*#()*/
/&#%#&
&+-#4*)#-%-/+-
0+$
)-1#%(*)+%-&'#4*&*#$%&&#+)*#-%#
-$!
.*.#+&#(+)#%0#/+-
0+$
)-1#%5*)4*+.2#6-!"#4%&*#-.)*$#$%&&#+&&%$+*.#74#
89:;<=>?@A=B:AC<D=8;EA+)*#-$!
.*.#-#/+-
0+$
)-1#%5*)4*+.2#
F-#()+$$*'#/+-+1*)&#
&*#5+)%
&#-+/*&#0%)#/+-
0+$
)-1#%5*)4*+.'#&
$4#+&#>?G>HA
;:D=AI<?JC<D=J;>?@AD8K='#C<D=8;EA8L:;B:<G'#+-.#C<D=8;EAMJ;G:?2#3!!#%0#4*&*#*)/&#+)*#
&"-%-"/&#0%)#/+-
0+$
)-1#%5*)4*+.2#3-%4*)#*)/#4+#/+-+1*)&#0)*N
*-!"#
&*#-#
()+$$*#&#D8?L:;K>8?AD8K=2#OPQ
RSOPTOR)*0*)&#%#4*#&
/#%0#.)*$#!+U%)#+-.#/+-
V#
0+$
)-1#%5*)4*+.2#W4*#*)/#$%-5*)&%-#$%&#&#
&*.#%#.*&$)U*#.)*$#!+U%)#+-.#/+-V#

0+$
)-1#%5*)4*+.#U*$+
&*#4*&*#$%&&#+)*#-$
))*.#%#D8?L:;=A.)*$#/+*)+!&#-%#
0-&4*.#()%.
$&2#
# XYZ[\Z]^\_`]abZcdeYff̀d
g%-/+-
0+$
)-1#$%&&#+)*#%0*-#.5.*.#-%#7%#$+*1%)*&h#ijk#K:ll>?@AD8K=KA+-.#
imk#<GI>?>K=;<=>L:AD8K=KnAoppSPqTORR-$!
.*#+!!#$%&&#4+#+)*#-$
))*.#%#&*$
)*#$
&V#
%/*)#%).*)&#+-.#1*#4*#0-&4*.#()%.
$#%#4*#$
&%/*)2#W4*&*#$%&&#+)*#&%/*/*&#
$+!!*.#8;G:;H@:==>?@A+-.#8;G:;HC>ll>?@AD8K=KnAr,+/(!*&#%0#&*!!-1#$%&&#-$!
.*#+.5*)&-1'#
&4((-1'#&+!*&#)+5*!'#&+!*&#$%//&&%-&'#&+!*&#&+!+)*&'#+-.#$%&&#%0#0-&4*.#1%%.&#7+)*V#
4%
&*&2#s*!!-1#$%&&#$+-#U*#*4*)#.)*$#%)#-.)*$#$%&&2#t%)#*,+/(!*'#4*#$%&#%0#+-#
+.5*)&-1#$+/(+1-#.*.$+*.#%#%-*#&(*$0$#()%.
$#&#+#.)*$#$%&#%0#4+#()%.
$'#
74*)*+&#4*#&+!+)"#%0#+#/+)u*-1#/+-+1*)#74%#%5*)&**&#-
/*)%
&#()%.
$&#&#+-#-.)*$#
$%&#74#)*&(*$#%#-.5.
+!#()%.
$&2#
vwxSPSR
SQTORR-$!
.*#+!!#$%&&#+&&%$+*.#74#4*#@:?:;<lAI<?<@:I:?=A%0#
+-#%)1+-y+%-#)+4*)#4+-#74#/+-
0+$
)-1#%)#&*!!-12#r,+/(!*&#%0#+./-&)+5*#
$%&&#-$!
.*#*,*$
5*#$%/(*-&+%-'#1*-*)+!#+$$%
--1'#&*$)*+)+!'#(
U!$#)*!+%-&'#
+-.#&/!+)#$%&&#-5%!5*.#-#4*#%5*)+!!'#1*-*)+!#+./-&)+%-#%0#4*#%)1+-y+%-#<KA
<AzB8l:nA3./-&)+5*#$%&&#$+-#U*#*4*)#.)*$#%)#-.)*$#$%&&2#t%)#*,+/(!*'#4*#
&+!+)"#%0#+-#+$$%
--1#/+-+1*)#-#$4+)1*#%0#+$$%
-&#)*$*5+U!*#$%!!*$%-&#-#4*#
r+&#)*1%-#&#+#.)*$#$%&#%0#4+#)*1%-'#74*)*+&#4*#&+!+)"#%0#+#$4*0#0-+-$+!#%00$*)#
{|}~}€‚€€‚~ƒ„„~}~ƒ~†}‡ˆƒ‰Š‹‚~€Œ}‰‚~‚~ƒ‰~‰Ž€†~†}‚~{|~€‚ˆ€†~}~‰ŽŽƒ„#
)*1%-&2#
g%-/+-
0+$
)-1#$%&&#+)*#+!&%#%0*-#$+!!*.#&*!!-1'#1*-*)+!'#+-.#+./-&)+5*#
is‘’3k#$%&&#%)#“
&#&*!!-1#+-.#+./-&)+5*#$%&&2#
#
#
#
01230562278796371 281 6776 9765363 32
˜™š›œ ”4*-#()*(+)-1#+#U+!+-$*#&4**#+-.#+-#-$%/*#&+*/*-'#$%/(+-*&#-**.#%#$!+&&0"#
žŸ¡¢£¤žŸ¥¦§¢£¥¦¤̈¢¢©ª©¦¤£©§ž¢¥


4*)#$%&&#+&#9;8GJD=AD8K=KA%)#9:;>8GAD8K=KnAW%#
-.*)&+-.#4*#.00*)*-$*#U*7**-#()%.V#
$#$%&&#+-.#(*)%.#$%&&'#7*#/
&#0)&#.&$
&&#4*#/+$4-1#()-$(!*#0)%/#0-+-$+!#
«¢Ÿ¥£§¥¬¡¬¤¡¥ª©ž¤ž¦©¤¥̈ +$$%
--12#
¢£¤£­ ž£¢®¥¬¡§Ÿ«¦£¥¦§¢£¢¥¤žŸ¥ ‘*-*)+!!"'#$%&&#+)*#)*$%1-y*.#+&#*,(*-&*&#%-#4*#-$%/*#&+*/*-#-#4*#(*)%.#
¬ ¡©§Ÿ¥¦§¢£¢¥̄ 4+#U*-*0&#0)%/#4*#$%&2#t%)#*,+/(!*'#0#+#$%/(+-"#(+"&#0%)#!+U!"#-&
)+-$*#-#
+.5+-$*#0%)#7%#"*+)&'#4*#*-)*#+/%
-#&#-%#$%-&.*)*.#+-#*,(*-&*#%0#4*#"*+)#-#
74$4#4*#(+"/*-#&#/+.*2#F-&*+.'#%-*V4+!0#%0#4*#$%&#7%
!.#U*#)*$%1-y*.#+&#+-#
*,(*-&*#*+$4#"*+)2#W4*#)*+&%-#&#4+#U%4#"*+)&•-%#“
&#4*#0)&#"*+)•U*-*0#0)%/#4*#
-&
)+-$*#(+"/*-2#W4*#
-*,(*-&*.#(%)%-#%0#4*#-&
)+-$*#(+"/*-#&#$+))*.#%-#4*#
U+!+-$*#&4**#+&#+-#+&&*#$+!!*.#()*(+.#-&
)+-$*2#
W4*#I<=DB>?@A9;>?D>9l:A&#U+&*.#%-#4*#<DD;J<lA$%-$*(#4+#D8K=KA>?DJ;;:GA=8A@:?HA
:;<=:A<A9<;=>DJl<;A;:L:?J:AKB8JlGAM:A;:D8@?>–:GA<KA:—9:?K:KA>?A=B:AK<I:A9:;>8GA=B<=A
=B:A;:L:?J:A>KA;:D8@?>–:GnAW4&#/*+-&#4+#0#+#$%&#&#-$
))*.#%#+$N
)*#%)#/+u*#

, 01213456179 262312  24 






!"
#
$
%&


'
"%
$
('
)%




*+

#





,
+
'-

&


$.
''"(/
0"'
'

(
'
%

1234567863979:8
8
;<=>?@ABC=DADB
E(
.
'


''"

+"(+&
5  '"%


'
!!%


'F"(G



(

,



+(%"'/
H(%"'
'
IJKKJLMN



"
.
+(%"'




+"('
%

(

".
'"(%

%
#

#


'%


'
"
.
+(%"'







(



!(#





/
O
"
.
+(%"'

(
%&
(
'

(
(
%
.(

!(#


*+
P#+'
#
'
%
'
.

%
%Q

%

'%









'

/
R'
"
+(%"'
'

(

#


%

!(&
#

(



,


62S42 561T74 /

E(

".
'"(

'+
&
+(%"'
'
'"%
%('

(
&
%('

$(&


%

".
'"(

!(
%/U
VWXJYZ[JLKZ\]\^_Ẁ\abZLKWLa_K_W[cadWKM\aZeMWKM\]]WfYg]YG

(#

''"


$

'
-hij8ki7l2min9&
o32p8mq8r236l99&

%
smqm9tl48
u3349v+((

$

('(%%

'
.

%
%


'

/
w



(

'"%

#

(







.

+(%"'/
x 5y625 4'

.
"
.
+(%"'



(
#
+
(
#
'+

%

(F"(
."((
(,
$.(

#

(
(
%#
.(




'"(/
z626{43 '
.
'+%
"
.

+(%"'



!

#
$
%

'"(/

O
%('

(


(
"%

+(%"'&
(
'

(
(
.((%
.(
w


|
(


O(,

H('/
}('

$(

%

".
'"(

!(
%
'

(

%%%


O(,

H('

'!(
%('

(


.%

%/
~'
"
.
+(%"'

(

'+%&
(
'

(
(
.((%
.(
O(,

H('

E%
%/
O




".
'"((


.%

%

'"(&

'

(
(
.((%
.(
E%

%

€
.
%
0%/

O



+
)


+(%"'
'

(

'
(#
('(%%


*+



'




+(%

'
#

(
'"((%/
w
(&


*+
%


$!&
#

(
('(%%


*+


+(%

'

(
%
+(%"'
i2l893n4:8
8
;<‚=>BC=DADB
ƒ456 
(



'



(

+(%"'
'/
„nn89lnnmq8iq48i4†mqm972i7m‡l8
lˆ1lq9l98i2l872li7l48i981l2m34863979:8E(
*
+&


'&

%!(
&
*'G

"!


(&
+"$'
(
&

%

(

'
.

%(
!
..'

(


+(%

'/
H(%
'

(

'"%%


+
(
.

'
.
(
+"('
%
(

".
'G

"(%

%‰

%&
+(%
'

(
*+%


'




+(%


'
#

(
'"((%
"


""

("
.

''("


''"
/
Š+

%




+(%

'


'

'"((%


'
(#

+(%

'
'

'




%/
E(
*
+&


%'"%

((&

'
.

$#
"(
'

+(
%

'(


+(%


$.
.(

"(
'-(

(%
.

+(%

'

"(G


'
+("

+
%/

‹*$
UŒ
"
()

+(%"'

%
+(%
'
.
.(

".
'"((



(
Ž"
%'"%/
'


+(%"'
'
.
("

(
!(#

''"



$

'

+((

$

('
)%


+
(
.
'
.

%
%


'


/
€!(#&
+(%
'
%

.
("


!(#

''"



$

'


%
#

(

'"%%

'
.

%
%


'

/


%&
#

(
('(%%





%

%(
!
*+


'



%"(


+(%
'"((%/





U
E(

(





+"(+&
+(%"'
'

#
*'"%


".
'"(

'/
E(
*
+&


‘++%*
R

%

%'"

€
+(
’/


,  




 yz{||}~€
 ‚ƒ„†‡‚ˆƒ‰Š‹‡‰ƒƒŒŒŽ‰„Œ‚ŠƒŒŠ‰‰Š‰Ž„‘ŒŠ’‚“”‰Š•

 01232
 656 9 – 3
  —6˜œ63 7652
 ž962 2 —6˜™63 76527 31š



²¤¥¸µ³§µ¤¦³¦§




›7 93œ63 7652
 2 7ž19371 
  ›7 9356«1
 Ÿ1 7 19 227 31š

  ™6 86937 ¡11291œž53 |91œ –363œ 3
 1  6

 ¢772 ¡1127 31š 012318¡112–15
 £¤¤¥¦§
 ¦¤¥̈§ – 5576 

±²¶¤¥§




– 5576 
µ¤¦³¦§




 6œ7723637  ©œ7723637 
 yªž 2 2






01230562278796371 281 79370123 671
¬­~®
!"#$%&&%'%""()*#+)%,!'-#.('%)(!&'#".!//0%-(1%!&)%"+#&"%#('-(&2%!&
¯°¥±²¦³´°¥§µ¤¦³§ ('!1!*34#)%5(6+/%7(6(&(2%)(89:
;
<=>
6(*.(&#%"!6(%-%!6+('(
µ¨´¦¦¶·¶µ´³¶¤°¦§¸¦±¥§³¤§¹²±¥¶µ³§ ? +%)'%&!&')%("%!&"(/%".#@/,-(1%#&-%ABCDEFGHI#(/,!)%'6(%)!(/"'#"3=J
µ¤¦³§º±»´¼¶¤²½§¼´²¶´º±̈§µ¤¦³¦¾§ /%1%
K  LM=
)%$%)"#-#.('#")%('"#'-(&2%"!&-%/%1%/#$('!1!*3N"-%('!1!*
/)!"%"(&,$(//"7(+()!'@/()'#"6(*)!"%(&,$(//(".%//O#)!6(*)%6(!&'#&"(&3
·¶¿±¥§µ¤¦³¦¾§´°¥§À¶¿±¥§µ¤¦³¦Á§ 4#)+ /(&&!&2+@)+#"%"7(6(&(2%)6@"0%(0/%#(&!'!+(%.-!'-#$-%"%.!//-(++%&P
(&,!$('#"'(&0%%5+%'%,#'-(&2%7-%6(&(2%)6@"0%(0/%#%"!6(%-#.6@'-
!.!//'-(&2%3Q#-%/+6(R%"@'-,!"!&'!#&"7'#""()%#$%&'(%2#)!S%,("TUVWUXYZ[\
]W^Z_[\#)`W^Z_a\Q-%)%/(!1%+)#+#)!#&#$%('-*+%#$'#"!&(&#)2(&!S(!#&!"R&#.&
("!"b=JJ
>b>
34#)%5(6+/%7(&#)2(&!S(!#&6!2--(1%6(&*$!5%,'#""0@$%.
1()!(0/%#)6!5%,'#""3N/%)&(!1%/*7!6!2--(1%6(&*1()!(0/%'#""0@$%.$!5%,#)
6!5%,'#""3
cdefdghijklmnj
NL
MKob=J1()!%"7!&#(/7!&,!)%'+)#+#)!#&#'-(&2%"!&-%/%1%/#$('!1!*3
p#66#&%5(6+/%"#$1()!(0/%'#""!&'/@,%'#"#$2##,""#/,$#)(6%)'-(&,!"!&2'#6q
+(&*7,!)%'6(%)!(/"7,!)%'/(0#)71()!(0/%%/%6%&"#$6(&@$('@)!&2#1%)-%(,7"@'-("
!&,!)%'6(%)!(/"7"@++/!%"7(&,+#.%)7(&,1()!(0/%%/%r6%&"#$"%//!&2(&,(,6!&!")(q
!1%%5+%&"%"7"@'-("'#66!""!#&"(&,"-!++!&2'#""3
rs! )%'/(0#)'#""#$%&'(&0%$!5%,!&"%(,#$1()!(0/%$#)(1()!%*#$)%("#&"34#)%5(6+/%7!&"#6%
'#@&)!%"7"@'-("4)(&'%7t%)6(&*7(&,u(+(&7/(0#))%2@/(!#&"(&,'@/@)(/&#)6"6(*/!6!6(&(2%q
CvFwHI(0!/!*#(,x@"-%/(0#)$#)'%!&)%"+#&"%#'-(&2%"!&('!1!*3
&-!"%50##R7(/.(*"(""@6%
-(,!)%'/(0#)!"(1()!(0/%'#"@&/%""*#@()%%5+/!'!/*#/,#-%).!"%3

, 01213456179 262312  24 






!"#




$%&'()*+,*-&(&.(+./*&'%012(3456789:;<=>?
@-&%A%&B(C@+*2(DE1 6F6GH14"
#
IJ4


#
4
E#
E
I



KDE
L

"
"

I

M-.+&(N)%A*)2(O"
I4
"
""E
L


M

P4#!"4E
P4#!#EQM#
M!EM#E
MKR4

S"Q
I
L

TM

UE#M
4
E#"

I"
M

E

L
Q
E!4
E#"

IQ#EMI#EML
E
M
L4
!4
E#"

I
4EM
M
L
4E#QQIIIJ
"QEL!EM4
E#"

I

M#Q
M
E4QKV'%W*(&'*)*(@)*(/@0B(@-&%A%&B(C@+*+($%&'%0(.)1@0%X@&%.0+Y(&').Z1'.Z&(
&'%+(&*[&C..\Y(Z0W*++(+&@&*N(.&'*)$%+*Y(B.Z(+'.ZWN(@++Z/*(&'@&(&'*(@-&%A%&B(C@+*(Z0N*)(
-.0+%N*)@&%.0(%+(&'*(&.&@W(A.WZ/*(.](1..N+(@0N(+*)A%-*+(,).A%N*N(CB(&'*(.)1@0%X@&%.02(V*(
$%WW(+,*-%]B(&'*(@-&%A%&B(C@+*(.0WB($'*0(%&(%+(+./*&'%01(.&'*)(&'@0(&.&@W(.Z&,Z&2(
3Q
M
E
S"Q
I


!EM
^__`SQ
ME!"
"QEL4Q
M
MLEaJ4
J
IEa
S#EE

E4
^4
bM
c#EEK34
"QELQ
M
I4
E

L
d#Q"
EEM
SQ
P

E
Ma#M
!EM


a#"
"
a#
K34
"

Q#4
MI"


IefgQ
EIMLEa
S#EK34


4
I4


!E


4Q
#EEM
!4JE

Jh
^#"

 bIc
 3bI
Ii#
 Q
i#
 c

jkgKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK efg el!kgg
kggKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK efg emk!ggg
lkgKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK efg ejj!kgg
m!gggKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK efg efg!ggg
n4



4Ea
4

L


4Ea
!"QEE

4


EEI
SQ

ME,*)(Z0%&(
K
S"Q
!4
Q
#E
I4
"

"EEEefg


E4#a44
I4
"
E


EMM


J4
LK34
aQ4E4

IP4EMM
I`S4
mof#
4
4




EMI4

L



EMIKDE
L



Ijkga#
!4
"
el!kggKDE
L


Im!ggga#
!4

"

efg!gggK
pqrstsuvwxyvv
z{|}{~€{‚ƒ„}€ƒ†‡ˆ‰Š€‹{Œ}‡|
uŽv‘’Žv“v”•’v uŽv‘’Žv“v›•œŽœžvŽŸ•vt ¡œžv
–—˜™˜˜˜š
–¢£™˜˜˜š ¤°̈šš¥¯­¦¯§¦¨¦ª™©šª°̈«šš±¬­§­®±¯š­°̈§¯¬¨­§«°¦š®«®™š ´µ̈«¶š¬­®¯®š§«·¦°̈š
¬­°®¯¦°¯š°̈š¯­¯¦ªš¶­ªª¦§š
¯­š¦¬¯¥̈¨¯²³š ¦·­¸°¯š¯¹§­¸º¹š
Á­¯¦ªš¬­®¯š­¼š·«¦ª®š




–¢˜™˜˜˜š »¨¶«š§¦°º«®š­¼š¦¬¯¥̈¨¯²³š
–¾£™˜˜˜š ©½­
¸®ª̈¶¯š­°̈¼ºšššš–£˜˜š
§«°¯¦ªš
–¾˜™˜˜˜š
š–£™˜˜˜š
š –˜š –˜š
˜š ¢£˜š £˜˜š ¿£˜š ¾™˜˜˜š ˜š ¢£˜š £˜˜š ¿£˜š ¾™˜˜˜š
À¸·©«§š­¼šº¸«®¯®š À¸·©«§š­¼šº¸«®¯®š

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LECTGRADER. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $17.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$17.49
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added