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B1 6.6 Genetic engineering Exam Questions and Answers
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B1 6.6 Genetic engineering Exam Questions and Answers
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B1 6.6 Genetic engineering ExamQuestions and Answers
What does genetic engineering involve? - Answer-Changing the genetic material of an
organism. You take a gene from one organism and transfer it to the genetic material of
a completely different organism.
Whats an example of genetic engineering? - Answer-Genes from the chromosomes of a
human cell can be cut out using enzymes and transferred to the cell of a bacterium. The
gene carries on making a human protein, even though it is now a bacterium.
What happens if genetically engineered bacteria are cultured on a large scale and what
can we use this to make? - Answer-They will make huge quantities if protein from other
organisms. We can now use them to make a number of drugs and hormones used as
medicines.
What has made genetic engineering move on? - Answer-The fact that there is a limit to
the types of proteins that bacteria are capable of making.
What have scientists found out about genes from one organism? - Answer-That genes
from one organism can be transferred to the cells of another type of animal or plant at
an early stage of their development.
Whats an example of genes from one organism being transferred to the cells of another
type of plant/animal? - Answer-Glowing genes from jellyfish have been used to produce
crop plants which give off a blue light when they are attacked by insects. Then the
farmer knows they need spraying.
What can genetically engineered bacteria do? - Answer-Make exactly the proteins we
need, in exactly the amounts needed and in a very pure form.
What is an example of bacteria being genetically engineered? - Answer-People with
diabetes need supplies of the hormone insulin. In the past people used animal insulin
extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cattle. Now they can use pure human insulin
produced by genetically engineered bacteria.
What can we use engineered genes to improve? - Answer-The growth rates of plants
and animals. They can be used to improve the food value of crops as genetically
modified crops have much bigger yields than ordinary crops. They can also be designed
to grow well in dry, hot or cold parts of the world so could help to solve problems of
world hunger. Crops can be engineered to produce plants which make their own
pesticide or are resistant to herbicides used to control weeds.
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