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Cambridge A Level Genetic Technology Exam Questions and Answers
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Cambridge A Level Genetic Technology Exam Questions and Answers
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Cambridge A Level Genetic TechnologyExam Questions and Answers
Genetic engineering - Answer-any procedure in which genetic information in an
organism is changed by altering the nucleotide base sequence of a gene to create a
GMO.
GMO - Answer-a genetically modified organism that has its DNA changed in a way that
does not occur naturally or by selective breeding.
Recombinant DNA - Answer-DNA made by artificially joining together pieces of DNA
from two or more different species.
Transgenic organism - Answer-any organism that contains DNA from another source,
including another organism of the same or different species.
Vector - Answer-a means of delivering genes into a cell used in gene technology (e.g.
plasmids or viruses).
Restriction endonuclease - Answer-an enzyme derived from bacteria that cuts DNA
molecules at particular sequences (usually palindromic ones) to form specific DNA
fragments.
Bacteriophage - Answer-a virus with double stranded DNA that infects bacteria.
Gene probe - Answer-a length of DNA that has a complementary base sequence to
another piece of DNA that you are trying to detect.
Genome - Answer-the complete set of genes and all genetic material present in a cell or
unicellular organism (includes genetic material inside membrane bound organelles).
Promoter - Answer-a length of DNA that includes a binding site for RNA polymerase
(and transcription factors in eukaryotic DNA) so that transcription of a gene or complex
of genes can begin.
Gene editing - Answer-deleting, inserting or replacing a length of DNA within a gene
using a method such as the Crispr/Cas9 system.
PCR - Answer-polymerase chain reaction which amplifies selected regions of DNA
using alternate stages of polynucleotide separation and DNA synthesis.
gel electrophoresis - Answer-a process used to separate charged molecules (e.g. DNA
fragments) using an electric field depending on their relative mass.
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