Describe the Enteric Nervous System -Correct Answer Part of the ANS as a division/ parallel of the Parasympathetic.
It is a LOCAL system, has more neurons that the spinal cord and is called the "small brain".
Since it is local it uses Local reflexes, but still does communicate with the CNS s...
BIO 252 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2024-2025 GRADED A
Describe the Enteric Nervous System -Correct Answer ✔Part of the ANS as a division/
parallel of the Parasympathetic.
It is a LOCAL system, has more neurons that the spinal cord and is called the "small
brain".
Since it is local it uses Local reflexes, but still does communicate with the CNS some via
the Vegas Nerve/Parasympathetic, so also long nerves
It is independent of the nervous system, it still gets signals but functions on its own ...
wut (lets talk)
Long vs Local Reflex -Correct Answer ✔Long involves the CNS while the local does not,
Describe what happens when you smell ravioli -Correct Answer ✔Sense receptors
signal to the CNS, CNS communicates with ANS, the ANS sends long reflexes to cells
of the digestive system to start creating Gastric juices.
Why is the Digestive Tract considered to be outside of your body? -Correct Answer ✔It
is exposed to the outside world via the mouth and the bumhole. Basically is just a
disassembly line.
What are the 2 parts of the Digestive System? -Correct Answer ✔The Digestive Tract
The Accessory Organs (Teeth, Pancreas...)
How much digestion does the esophagus do? -Correct Answer ✔None, trick question,
hehe
The food is only in your throat for a few seconds so there is no digestion, only
propulsion.
What are the 4 parts of the stomach? -Correct Answer ✔Cardia - Top part near Heart
(Cardiac Sphincter
Fundus - Upper region, Little digestion here, just stores juices.
Body - main region of digestion
Pyloric Region - Bottom, but of course it is again subdivided into...
Pyloric Atrium which thins into the Pyloric Canal which ends at the Pyloric Sphincter.
What is the role of the Cardiac and Pyloric Sphincter? -Correct Answer ✔Cardiac acts
like a one way valve to allow food down the esophagus and into the stomach and
doesn't let stuff come up because of the acidity.
Bio 251 Final Exam
, Bio 251 Final Exam
Pyloric is at the end of the stomach and connects to the small intestine, is used to let
small portions at a time into the small intestine for digestion
What are the 3 main roles of the stomach -Correct Answer ✔Storage - It is real big and
the small intestine needs time to digest/absorb so it stores a lot of food until the small
intestine is ready.
Digestion of Proteins - very important for this but does little for carbs and lipids.
Immune - Very acidic to help combat all of the pathogens you eat. YUM
What type of tissues faces the lumen? -Correct Answer ✔Epithelial
What are the different types of muscles in the stomach and what do they do? -Correct
Answer ✔Longitudinal - fibers that extend length of stomach (most external)
Circular - oriented beneath longitudinal at 90 degrees.
These are used for Peristalsis
Makes stomach unique cause it has 3...
Oblique - the most internal muscle that is diagonal to the other muscles and is
responsible for mechanical digestion (churning).
Wut is peristalsis -Correct Answer ✔the involuntary contraction/relaxation of the
longitudinal and circular muscles that moves food down the GI Tract.
What happens if you eat upside down? -Correct Answer ✔Your weird
But, the digestive process takes longer because it is working against gravity but
peristalsis is still enough to move the food along the GI Tract.
Describe Rugae and why they are important -Correct Answer ✔Rugae are folds in the
stomach lining so that when the stomach expands to store food, the cells don't rip, they
just unfold. Not neccesairly for increased surface area. (TALK ABOUT RUGAE,SA, and
PITS)
What is chyme -Correct Answer ✔mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice
(which came from the gastric glands in the gastric pits).
This is usually what you throw up
What are the secreting cells of the gastric pits? -Correct Answer ✔In the gastric pits,
there are 4 groups of cells...
Bio 251 Final Exam
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