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Exam (elaborations)

AC-PNCB: Questions With Complete Solutions (100%)

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  • PNCB
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  • PNCB

AC-PNCB: Questions With Complete Solutions (100%)

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  • November 7, 2024
  • 26
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • PNCB
  • PNCB
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LeCrae
AC-PNCB: Questions With Complete Solutions (100%)

Jaundice (medical emergency) Right Ans - w/in 24hrs of birth,
yellowing of palms and soles

Otoscope: how to straighten canal Right Ans - ≥ 3 y/o: Up & back
< 3 y/o: Down & out

Phenylketonuria (PKU): definition, SSx, c/b Right Ans - Autosomal
recessive disorder (two carrier parents affected one child):

inability to break down amino acid phenylalanine

SSx: Musty urine odor

c/b: untreated, can lead to albinism (b/c phenylalanine can't convert to
melanin), neurologic changes (nonadherence to diet of low-protein)

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: definition; SSx (x4) Right Ans - enzyme
deficiency for synthesis of cortisol

SSx:
- ambiguous genitalia
- lethargy, poor feeding/FTT
- metabolic acidosis = hyperK, hypoNa, hypoglycemia
- hypotension, hypothermia

Anterior and Posterior Fontanels closures Right Ans - P: 1-3mos; A: 18-
24mos

Erickson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development Right Ans - 1) INFANT:
trust vs mistrust
2) TODDLER: autonomy vs shame and doubt
3) PRESCHOOL: initiative vs.guilt
4) GRADE SCHOOL: industry vs. inferiority
5) TEENAGER: identity vs role confusion.
6) YOUNG ADULT: intimacy vs isolation
7) MIDDLE AGE: generativity vs. stagnation
8) OLDER ADULT: integrity vs. despair

,MMR vaccine contraindication Right Ans - severely compromised

% of understandable language: 1-4yrs Right Ans - 1 yo: 1-word sentences,
25%
2 yo: 2-word sentences, 50%
3 yo: 3-word sentences, 75%
4 yo: 5-6+ word sentences, 100%

Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup): common age/gender, causative virusus,
SSx (x2), Dx, Tx Right Ans - 6mos- 3yrs, males>females

Parainfluenza 1&2, RSV

SSx: seal/barky cough, stridor

Dx: steeple sign

Tx: steroids (dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg IV/IM)

pneumonia: common organisms, school-age, SSx (x2), Dx, Tx Right Ans -
community acquired: strep pneumoniae

school-age: atypical viral mycoplasma pneumoniae (low fever)

SSx: rales/crackles, focal diminished breath sounds

Dx: focal infiltrates on XR

Tx: high-dose Amoxicillin or Ceftriaxone; Azithromycin (atypical mycoplasma
p.)

Pertussis (whooping cough): pathophys, SSx (x2), Dx, Tx Right Ans -
bacteria attaches to cilia in resp tract
→ produces toxins
→ causes inflammation and loss of surfactant

SSx:
- paroxysmal (violent/painful/uncontrollable) cough

, - post-tussive emesis

Dx: pertussis PCR + Cx

Tx:
- Azithryomycin (infants)
- Bactrim (older)
- no longer: Erythromycin & Clarithromycin d/t high risk of IHPS (infantile
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis)

Tracheitis & Epiglottitis similarities: organism, lateral neck XR, SSx (x3), Tx
(x2) Right Ans - HFlu

Dx: present with thumb print sign on lateral neck XR

SSx: tripod, drooling, stridor

Tx: broad spectrum Abx, steroids

Tracheitis: cardinal SSx (x1) Right Ans - HIGH FEVER usually >103
(Tracheitis → Toxic appearing)

Epiglottitis: distinctive definition, SSx (x2), Tx (x4) Right Ans - Airway
emergency! Acute, sudden, severe

SSx: muffled/hot-potato voice, beefy-red/swollen epiglottis

Tx:
- avoid stimulus
- humidified oxygen until decision re: intubation (consult
anesthesia/otolaryngology(ENT) for intubation)
- Abx (3rd gen. cephalosporin for 7-10 days)
- IV fluids!

pulmonary edema: SSx (x4), Dx Right Ans - SSx: left-sided HF, tachycardia,
S3, cough with frothy sputum (often pink)

Dx: Kerley B lines

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