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Summary Acids and Bases study notes
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AIDS BASES :AGGS :
Bronsted-Lowry : a Proton donor Arrhenius : a substance that produces hydrogen ions/hydronium ions when dissolved in water
·
pH <
·
·
sour taste strong electrolyte solution
corrosive ·
large Ka
·
change colour of indicator
·
neutralise a base
·
covalently bonded .
Ionisation :
↑
the reaction of a Molecular substance with water to produce ions.
Strong scids :
↳ weak conjugate base
"
an acid that ionizes
completely in an aqueous solution
↳ HC) HeSO4 HNO, Intric acid) CHBr ; HIS
, ,
Hll1 Ho H30
+
ionization : · +
(a)
+ (
(aq)
monoprotic dafive covalent
bond /hydronium/oxonium)
HaSOG CH2O -Soy
·
+ +
Halt
Y Y
diprotic high conc.
HNO3 Halt
·
= H20 <NOz
:
.
+
0 O
H -
o - j - C -
0 -
H
ethanedioc acid
↳ diprotic coxalic)
↳ weak
Weak acids :
↳ strong conjugate base (200H) 2 + 2H20
= (200 12 zHz0
-
+
:an acid that partidily
only ionises in an
aqueous solution.
EN other
Leticacid d)
>
·>
-
If /hydrofloric acid) ;
(ooHn Coxalicacid) ; CHOOH ; HsPO(phosphoric acid) ; HSO3 (sulphurous acd) ; Carboxylic organic did Go
ionization : ·
HsPOy(a) +
&HO -
3H30
+
+ Poy' * (COOH2) -
dcid
oxalic
j
L dicarboxylic
(weak
triprotic
L
diprotic
:
·
CHz(OOH + HO H30t + CH3100-
X
X
monoprotic low
concr
,Base :
a substance
Arrhenius : that produces
Bronstratory hydroxide ions when dissolved in
a it is
·
ph > 7
·
taste bitter3 feel soapy
"Corrosive
·
change colour of indicator
·
neutralise did
·
ionically bonded (metal +
non
dissociation :
I
the
splitting of an sonic compound into its ions
strong bases
↳ weak
:
conjugate acid
a base dissociates
that completely in an aqueous solution
grp +
hydroxides Carpo metal +
Hydroxide) e .
g. Nach (sodium hydroxide) ; Kolt(potassium hydroxide) [coustic potash)
dissociation :
·
NaOH + H20 -
Nat + OH-
#20
3) BalOH)2 :
BaCOH)2 ,
Balt + 20H-
Weak bases :
-
↳ Strong conjugate acid
·
a base that only dissociates in an
partially aqueous solution
NH3 Cammonia) ; NHLOH Cammonium hydroxide!
↳. covalent : Ionizes
dissociation :
·
NH3 + He0 : NHyt + OH-
Ht
n +
&
:
Hit it
*
NHLOH
-
NH
·
+
OHja
-
⑪mentrated large :
no moles of
per unit volume solution cone I Strength
4 however both have effect
11 on rate of reaction
Me :
relatively small"
, influence of Acid/Base strength
reaction rate :
rr X Strength of acid/base
:
stronger did =↑ conc .
ions-greater rate of reaction
conductivity :
X
conduct .
Strength of acid/base
:
stronger acid [H ]
+
=
higher =
greater conductivity
The pl Scale :
↳
a measure of hydronium ion concentration at 25 %
↳ indicates of solution
acidity/alkalinity
↳
lower number-higher Hot concentration
A
: the no protons acid can donate # measure of its strength
however , if 2 acids are
strong of equal concentration ,
a polyprotic acid will have a lower plt be it will form more hydronium ions per mole of acid
.
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