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NR 545 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 150+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
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NR 545 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 150+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS NR 545 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 150+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
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NR 545 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 150+ QUESTIONS &CORRECT ANSWERS
sneezing is associated with - ANSWER-inflammation or foreign material in the
nasal passages
a constant dry or unproductive cough is fatiguing because it interferes with sleep,
and the respiratory muscles are used excessively - ANSWER-cough suppressant
medications e.g. codeine or dextromethorphan
a productive cough usually occurs when secretions or inflammatory exudate
accumulate in the lungs. Excess secretions may become infected and tend to
obstruct the airways. - ANSWER-it is helpful in such cases to increase fluid intake
to keep the secretions thin and easy to remove. an expectorant medication e.g.
quaifenesin or the use of a humidifier also may assist in removing secretions
sputum or mucoid discharge from the respiratory tract may have significant
characteristics depending on the abnormality causing it - ANSWER-normal
secretions are relatively thin, clear, and colorless or cream color
yellowish green, cloudy thick mucus - ANSWER-bacterial infection
large amounts of purulent sputum with foul odor - ANSWER-bronchiectasis
thick, tenacious mucus - ANSWER-patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis; blood-
tinged secretions may result from a chronic cough and irritation that causes rupture
of superficial capillaries, but it may also be a sign of a tumor or tuberculosis
hemoptysis is blood tinged frothy sputum - ANSWER-pulmonary edema
,hematemesis - ANSWER-vomitus containing blood and is usually granular and
dark in color
normal rate of breathing - ANSWER-10-18 inspirations per minute
kussmaul respirations - ANSWER-deep rapid respirations or "air hunger" are
typical of a state of acidosis or may follow strenuous exercise
labored respirations or prolonged inspiration or expiration - ANSWER-obstruction
of the airways
wheezing or whistling sounds indicate - ANSWER-obstruction in the small
airways
stridor a high pitched crowing noise - ANSWER-upper airway obstruction
rales and rhonchi are abnormal breathing sounds resulting from air mixing with
excessive secretions in the lungs - ANSWER-rales are light bubbly of crackling
sounds associated with serous secretions.
rhonchi are deeper and harsher sounds resulting from thicker mucus
absence of breathing sounds indicates nonaeration or collapse of a lung
dyspnea is a subjective feeling of discomfort that occurs when a person feels
unable to inhale enough air - ANSWER-it may be manifested as breathlessness or
shortness of breath, either with exertion or at rest
, severe dyspnea may be accompanied by flaring of the nostrils - ANSWER-use of
the accessory respiratory muscles or retraction of the muscles between or above the
ribs
orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down - ANSWER-
pulmonary congestion develops as more blood pools in the lungs when the person
lies down and also as the abdominal contents push upward against the lungs.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sudden acute type of dyspnea common in
patients with left-sided heart failure - ANSWER-during sleep the body fluid is
redistributed, leading to pulmonary edema and the individual wakes up gasping for
air and coughing
cyanosis is the bluish coloring of the skin and mucous membranes that results from
large amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood - ANSWER-cyanosis is
not a reliable early indicator of hypoxia
pleural pain results from inflammation or infection of the parietal pleura -
ANSWER-it is cyclic pain that increases as the inflamed membrane is stretched
with inspiration or coughing
friction rub may be heard, a soft sound produced as the rough membranes move
against each other. - ANSWER-pleural inflammation may be caused by lobar
pneumonia or lung infarction
clubbed fingers and sometimes toes result from chronic hypoxia associated with
respiratory or cardiovascular diseases - ANSWER-it is a painless, firm, fibrotic
enlargement at the end of the digit
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