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Samenvatting DNA en Bloedonderzoek
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Samenvatting voor DNA en Bloedonderzoek. Alles wat je moet kennen voor het tentamen!
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DNA en Bloedonderzoek SamenvattingInhoud
Week 1...................................................................................................................................................3
Bloedstolling.......................................................................................................................................3
Drogen versus stollen.....................................................................................................................3
Ziektes................................................................................................................................................3
Medicijnen..........................................................................................................................................3
Oppervlaktespanning.........................................................................................................................3
Week 2...................................................................................................................................................4
Bloedspetters......................................................................................................................................4
Bloed eigenschappen......................................................................................................................4
Bloed dat het lichaam verlaat.............................................................................................................4
Passive............................................................................................................................................4
Projected........................................................................................................................................5
Transered........................................................................................................................................5
Bloedspat analyse...............................................................................................................................6
Uiterlijk oudere bloedspatten.............................................................................................................6
Bloedpoel...........................................................................................................................................6
Invloeden van het drogen en stollen van een bloedpoel................................................................6
Analyse...............................................................................................................................................6
Week 3...................................................................................................................................................6
DNA....................................................................................................................................................6
Opbouw DNA..................................................................................................................................7
Somatische cellen...............................................................................................................................8
Chromosomen....................................................................................................................................8
Verschil tussen een chromosoom en een chromatide....................................................................9
DNA monster verzamelen...................................................................................................................9
DNA isolatie (lab week 4)................................................................................................................9
RFLP....................................................................................................................................................9
STR......................................................................................................................................................9
DNA replicatie...................................................................................................................................10
PCR (lab week 6)...........................................................................................................................10
Week 4.................................................................................................................................................11
DNA onderzoeken.............................................................................................................................11
Gelelektroforese (lab week 6).......................................................................................................11
DNA onderzoek in de Forensische context...................................................................................11
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,DNA en Bloedonderzoek Samenvatting
Vindplaats loci/locus.........................................................................................................................12
Stappenplan voor interpretatie DNA-mengprofielen.......................................................................12
Afleiden op basis van piekhoogte.....................................................................................................12
Neveneffecten & LCN DNA-analyse..................................................................................................12
Week 5.................................................................................................................................................13
Overerving........................................................................................................................................13
Complete dominantie...................................................................................................................13
Incomplete dominantie................................................................................................................13
Codominantie...............................................................................................................................13
Overerving X-gebonden genen.........................................................................................................14
De variatie in de populatie................................................................................................................14
Onafhankelijke oriëntatie.................................................................................................................14
Crossing over....................................................................................................................................15
Willekeurige bevruchting..................................................................................................................15
Meiose..............................................................................................................................................15
Gameten...........................................................................................................................................16
Somatische cellen.........................................................................................................................16
Week 6.................................................................................................................................................16
DNA onderzoek conclusies...............................................................................................................16
Wetenschappelijke bewijswaarde match.........................................................................................16
Bepalen berekende frequentie.........................................................................................................16
Berekende frequentie.......................................................................................................................16
Likelihood ratio.................................................................................................................................16
Regel van bayes................................................................................................................................17
week 7..................................................................................................................................................17
DNA isolatie en analyse on chip........................................................................................................17
DNA sneltesten.................................................................................................................................17
DNA analyse op PD/PI...................................................................................................................18
DNA analyse op chip.........................................................................................................................18
Begrippenlijst........................................................................................................................................19
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, DNA en Bloedonderzoek Samenvatting
Week 1
Bloedstolling
Als bloed ouder wordt dan krijg je te maken met bloedstolling. Niet alleen met droging. Stolling is
bijvoorbeeld een korstje bij een wondje. Dit is een binding tussen fibrinedraden, bloedplaten, witte-
en rode bloedcellen.
Dit wordt getriggerd in 3 mogelijke situaties
- Als bloedvaten kapot gaan
- Weefsel beschadiging
- Een vreemd voorwerp in je lichaam.
Bloedstolling begint bij een beschadiging van de binnenkant van het bloedvat endotheel laag
Bloedstollingcascade: een reeks van eiwitten/enzymen wordt geactiveerd, dan krijg je een stolling
- Er kunnen ziekten hierin plaats vinden
Bloedstolling buiten je lichaam, als het bloed buiten je lichaam is, er is dan geen remming van de
stolling
Drogen versus stollen
Eenmaal droog valt er niks meer te zeggen over hoelang het er al ligt, als bloed stolt wel.
Ziektes
Aangeboren
- Slechte aanmaak collageen voor bloedvat
- Fout in bloedplaatjes
- Ontbrekende stollingsfactoren (hemofilie)
Verkregen
- Vit. C deficiëntie (scheurbuik)
- Te veel aan corticosteroïden
- Vit. K deficiëntie
- Leverziekte
Medicijnen
Anticoagulantia
- Warfarine (rattengif)
Tegen bloedplaatjes
- Aspirine
Fibrolytische medicijnen
- tPA, urokinase, streptokinase
Oppervlaktespanning
- Elk molecuul in een vloeistof zet druk op de omgeving
- Doel is om zoveel mogelijk samen te blijven
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