Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy Chapter 8 Exam Questions and Correct Solutions (Rated 100%)
Major Minerals - Answers 🔹Calcium 🔹Phosphorus
🔹Sodium
🔹Potassium
🔹Magnesium
🔹Chloride
🔹Sulfur
Trace Minerals - Answers 🔹Iron
🔹Iodine
🔹Zinc
🔹Selenium
🔹Fluoride
🔹Copper
🔹Maganese
🔹Chromium
🔹Molybdenum
Functions of Minerals - Answers 🔹Digestion: Do not require much digestion before absorption.
🔹Absorption: Food form-Minerals-Animal sources more readily absorbed than plant sources. More
absorbed if the body is deficient than if not. Tissue health- If intestinal surface infected it will diminish
absorbitive capacity.
🔹Transport: Minerals enter portal blood circulation and travel throughout the body bound to plasma
proteins or mineral specific transport proteins.
Tissue Uptake - Answers Thyroid-Stimulating Horome: controls the uptake of iodine from the blood into
the thyroid gland depending on the amount that they thyroid gland need to make the hormone
🔹Thyroxine: Iodine-Dependent thyroid gland horomones that regulates the metabolic rate of the body.
Occurrence in the Body - Answers 2 Basic Forms In Which Minerals Occur:
🔹Free ions in body fluids. (Sodium in tissue fluidd, which influence water balance)
, 🔹Covalently bound minerals that may be combined with other minerals. (Calcium and phosphorus in
hydroxyapatite)
🔹With Organic Substances (Iron that is bound to heme and globin to form the organic compound
hemoglobin.
Calcium - Answers Functions in:
🔹Bone and tooth formation.
🔹Blood Clotting
🔹Muscle and nerve action.
🔹With Vitamin D to help absorption.
Calcium Toxicity - Answers Hypercalcemia: Too much calcium, tissues harden. ("Heart made of stone")
Interferes with intestinal absorption of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, by reducing bioavailability.
Calcium Deficiency - Answers Hypocalcemia: Relative to blood phosphorus concentration, results in
tetany➡Characterised by muscle spasms.
Osteoporosis: Abnormal thinning of the bone that produces a porous, fragile, lattice-like bone tissue of
enlarged spaces that are prone to fracture or deformity. "Swiss cheese bone"
Calcium Food Sources - Answers Milk, green veggies, fish with bones, fortified food.
Phosphorus - Answers Functions in: Bone and tooth formation, energy metabolism, and acid base
balance.
Phosphorus Deficiency - Answers Hypophosphatemia: Rare, usually occurs with overconsumption of
antacids.
Phosphorus Toxicity - Answers Hyperphosphatemia: Rare, phosphorus intake significantly higher than
calcium for a long period, bone resorption may occur.
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