NSG120 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - ANS ✓Uses a magnetic field instead of
radiation to visualize internal tissues
Radiographs - ANS ✓Visualization of internal organs and structures by
electromagnetic radiation
Immunocompetent - ANS ✓When the immune system reacts appropriately to
an antigen and homeostasis is maintained, a person is
Hyperactive responses (e.g., allergies), in which the immune response is
excessive and triggered by specific allergens
Immunodeficiency disorders (e.g., acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
[AIDS]), in which the immune response is inadequate
Autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), in which
the immune response is overactive and misdirected against one's own
tissues
Attacks on beneficial foreign tissue (e.g., reaction to blood transfusions or
transplanted organ rejection) - ANS ✓Inappropriate responses or
malfunctioning of the immune system are classified as follows:
First line of defense - ANS ✓skin and mucous membranes
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Bone marrow - ANS ✓Source of stem cells, leukocytes, and maturation of B
lymphocytes
Basophils - ANS ✓White blood cells: bind ige, release histamine in anaphylaxis
Eosinophils - ANS ✓White blood cells: participate in allergic responses and
defense against parasites
Monocytes - ANS ✓White blood cells: migrate from the blood into tissues to
become macrophages
Macrophages - ANS ✓Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that
destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.
Mast cells - ANS ✓Release chemical mediators such as histamine in connective
tissue
Innate immune response: - ANS ✓Non-specific, fast response, no memory
First and immediate defense of the body
1st and 2nd line of defense
1st line Non- specific or non-selective about what it blocks from entering
your body
(skin, external defense, hair, oil, sweat)
2nd line of defense: white blood cells (granulocytes, monocytes, protective
enzymes
And chemicals)
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Adaptive immune response - ANS ✓Arrives after the innate system
More specific form of protection
Act specifically, destructively, and with memory for every individual
antigen it has encountered.
The innate immune system - ANS ✓is the body's first line of defense against
germs entering the body. It responds in the same way to all germs and foreign
substances, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the "nonspecific" immune
system
This line of defense includes naturally acquired active immunity, naturally
acquired passive immunity, artificially acquired active immunity and
artificially acquired passive immunity - ANS ✓3rd line of defense
Active immunity - ANS ✓A form of acquired immunity in which the body
produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
Passive immunity - ANS ✓An individual does not produce his or her own
antibodies, but rather receives them directly from another source, such as
mother to infant through breast milk
Natural active - ANS ✓Pathogens enter body and cause illness; antibodies form
in host
EX: Person has chickenpox once
Artificial active - ANS ✓Vaccine (live or attenuated organisms) is injected into
person; no illness results, but antibodies form
EX: Person has measles vaccine and gains immunity
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