Class notes
Introduction to Qualitative Analysis
- Course
- CHM 1045L (CHM1045L)
- Institution
- Florida International University
Includes the table and flowchart. Answers all questions and includes citations (in-text and bibliography)
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Name of the lab report: Introduction to Qualitative Analysis Lab ReportStudent’s Name:
Panther ID:
CHM1045L
Section Number:
TA name:
Introduction:
This experiment delves into the principles of qualitative analysis, a fundamental concept of
chemistry as Thibodeaux (2017), it involves the identification of the presence or absence of
specific substances in a sample based on their chemical reactions with certain reagents. On
the other hand, according to Helmenstine (2018), the quantitative analysis focuses on
determining the amount or concentration of substances in a sample.
One important principle of qualitative analysis is the identification of substances based on
their reactions with reagents, which often manifest as changes in solution color or texture, or
the evolution of gasses, providing indications of the chemical reaction occurring in the
sample. However, the aspect of qualitative analysis more focused on is the formation of a
precipitate, which refers to the solid formed when two solutions react. At the same time, the
supernatant is the liquid portion remaining above the precipitate after a procedure called
centrifugation.
According to Stephenson (2019), centrifugation refers to the technique used to separate
components of a mixture based on their density differences. During centrifugation, the
, mixture is spun at high speeds, causing denser particles, such as precipitates, to move to the
bottom of the container, while lighter particles remain suspended in the supernatant. This
process allows for the isolation and further analysis of the solid precipitates.
This experiment aims to qualitatively analyze the presence of specific ions in a solution by
observing their reactions with various reagents and obtaining the precipitate through
centrifugation, which helps identify the ions present based on the observed indications of
chemical reactions.
The reactions and results of these controlled reactions are then considered to be known
samples, establishing reference reactions, and are then organized into a flowchart. This
flowchart serves as a guide for identifying ions in unknown samples based on their
characteristic reactions with specific reagents.
By comprehensively understanding the principles of qualitative analysis and applying them in
experimental settings, the identification and characterizations of substances present in
complex mixtures can be improved. These further advances the general understanding of
chemical composition and reactivity.
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