Summary
Summary Pharmacology Basics
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This document has the basic pharamcology information
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1PNA 905
#1 rule of pharmacology
Start low go slow
Drug sources
Natural sources
- Plants
- Animal products
- Inorganic compounds
Drug evaluation process
Preclinical trails
- Chemicals tested on lab animals
Phase l studies
- Chemicals tested on human volunteers
Phase ll studies
- Drug tried on informal patients with disease
Phase lll studies
- Drug used in vast clinical market
Phase lV studies
- Continual evaluation of drug
Drug acts
Food and drug act (FDA)
- All drugs sold in Canada must be approved under this act. FDA is to protect the public health hazards and fraud from
the sale of food, beverages, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics
Controlled drug and substance act
- Defined drug abuse and the drugs according to potential abuse. The drugs are classified into schedules
Pharmacodynamics
The branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanisms of their drug
- How the drug affects the body
Pharmacokinetics
The branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body
- How the body effects the drug
- Example: the first pass effect, the liver metabolizes the drug reducing the dose working in the body
Nurses’ role in pharmacology
Nurses are responsible for:
- Administering the drug
- Assessing the drug affect
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PNA 905
- Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
- Providing patient teaching about drugs
- Monitoring overall patient care
Routes of medication
Oral route (PO)
- Tablets, capsules, liquids, solutions, suspensions, syrups, exiler
Sublingual route (SL)
- Dissolved under the tongue
- Tablets, sprays, films
Buccal route
- Dissolved in the check pocket between gum and teeth
- Tablets, films, disk
Opthamic Route (ocular route)
- Administered via the eye
- Liquid eye drops, gels, ointments, disks
Otic route
- Administered via the ear canal
- Liquid ear drops
Nasal route
- Administered via the nose
- Nasal drops, sprays, ointments
Inhalation route
- Inhaled via the mouth into the lungs
- Inhaler, aerosol, powder
Nebulization route
- Inhaled via a device such as a face mask or tube placed in mouth
Cutaneous route
- Drugs applied to the skin
- Ointment, cream, lotion, power, gel
Transdermal patch
- Administered via a patch
Rectal route
- Administered via the rectum
- Suppositories, enema, fleet, creams
Vaginal route
- Suppositories, creams, gels, tablets, rings
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PNA 905
Parenteral route
- Administer via injection
- Subcutaneous (SC)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Intravenous (IV)
- Intradermal (ID)
- Intrathecal- aound the spinal cord
Excretion of a drug
Drugs are excreted from in the body in the following forms
- fecal matter
- urinary elimination
- sweat
- saliva
- breast milk
The rights of medication administration
Right…
M – medication
R – route
T – time/ frequency
D – dose
R – reason
C – client
R – refuse
E – education
E – evaluation
D – documentation
Factors infulencing medication dose
- route
- time
- age
- nutritional status
- aborsption and excretion
- health status of patient
- gender
- ethinicy and culture
- genetics
complimentary and alternative therapy
complimentary- therapies used with conventional medicine
alternative- therapies used instead of conventional medicine
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