Monday 3 June 2024 – Morning
A Level Classical Civilisation
H408/33 Politics of the Late Republic
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Turn over
, 2
Section A
Start your answer to each 10, 20 and 30 mark question on a new page.
Source A
Cicero’s letter from Rome, c. 2nd February 43 BC, Fam. 10.28
How I would have liked you to have invited me to that most beautiful feast on the Ides of
March! We should have had nothing remaining. But with matters as they are, the heavenly
service you have given to the republic is qualified by some grumbling. Truly, the fact that this
curse of the country was taken out of the way by you – the most loyal of men – and thanks
to your generosity, is still alive, makes me a little angry with you at times (although it is hardly 5
right!). Since you have left more trouble for me with to deal with by myself, than for the rest of
the world put together!
For as soon as the Senate could be held freely after the most dishonourable departure of
Antony, I resumed my old spirit, which you and that most patriotic citizen, your father, have
always praised and loved. For, when the tribune of the plebs had summoned the senate on 10
the 20th of December and were putting another question to the house, I reviewed the whole
constitutional situation and spoke with intense spirit rather than eloquence. I restored to the
weary, wilting senate its ancient and traditional valour. That day, my intense pleading gave
the Roman people hope of recovering their freedom. From that time, I have devoted every
moment not only to thinking about the Republic, but being active in it. 15
1 Who is the recipient of this letter? [1]
2 What does the ‘most beautiful feast’ in line 1 refer to? [1]
3 Explain how successfully Cicero shows his enthusiasm for the events he is referring to in
Source A. [10]
Caesar and Pompey formed an alliance in 60 BC.
4 What is the name given to this political alliance? [1]
5 Name one other member of this alliance. [1]
6 State one political office which Pompey held during his lifetime. [1]
7 Explain why Caesar and Pompey wished to form this alliance. [10]
8* ‘Cicero always strongly opposed individuals who he thought were a threat to the res publica.’
Assess to what extent you agree with this opinion by discussing Cicero’s relationship with Caesar
and Catiline.
You may use Source A as a starting point in your answer. [20]
Use classical sources, and secondary sources, scholars and/or academic works to support your
argument. You should also consider possible interpretations of sources by different audiences.
Either
9* ‘The Roman Republic would not have survived if it had allowed the behaviour of Verres to go
unpunished.’
Evaluate how far you agree with this statement. Include reference to Cicero’s speech against
Verres in your answer. [30]
Or
10* ‘Personal ambition was the most important factor in making individuals successful in the Late
Republic.’
Evaluate how far you agree with this statement by discussing at least three individuals. [30]
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