Exam (elaborations)
CHES EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CHES EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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CHES EXAM STUDY GUIDEHealth Belief Model - Answers -Model which people assess the threat of an emerging
disease by assessing their perceived susceptibility against the severity of the disease.
Programs - Answers -a set of planned activities over time designed to achieve specific
objectives
Program Planning - Answers -process of identifying needs, establishing priorities,
diagnosing causes of problems, assessing and allocating resources and determining
barriers to achieving objectives
Vision Statement - Answers -one-sentence or one-phrase statement that describes the
long term desired change stemming from the efforts of an organization or program
Program Mission Statement - Answers -statement of the general focus or purpose of the
program. Can be one-sentence statement or short narrative that broadly defines the
program's purpose. Mission statements identify the scope or focus of the organization or
program and are enduring over time
Goals - Answers -general, long-term statements or desired program outcomes and
provide the direction upon which all objectives are based
Objectives - Answers -statements that describe, in measureable terms, the changes in
behavior, attitude, knowledge, skills, or health status that will occur in the intervention
group as a result of the program. They are small, specific steps that enable the goal to
be met
Community-based organization (CBO) - Answers -public or private, nonprofit
organization of demonstrated effectiveness that is representative of a community or
significant segments of a community and provides educational or related services to
individuals in the community
Coalition - Answers -group of diverse organizations and constituencies working together
toward a common goal
Cultural competence/cy - Answers -an ability to understand, communicate with and
effectively interact with people across cultures. Comprises these components: a)
awareness of one's own cultural worldview, b) attitude towards cultural differences, and
c) knowledge of one's orientation affects different professional practices and
relationships
,Stakeholders - Answers -groups of key people such as those involved in the program
operations, those served or affected by the program, and the primary users of the
program.
Expressed needs - Answers -observed through individuals' use of services, such as an
exercise class taken by older adults at a senior center.
Actual needs - Answers -may be inferred through the discrepancy of services provided
to one community group as compared to another, such as bicycling and walking lanes.
Perceived needs - Answers -refer to what individuals in a community state that they
want, such as more healthy food choices in a school's vending machine.
Normative needs - Answers -a discrepancy between an individual's or group's current
status and that of others, such as smoke free environment in restaurants among
different cities.
Well Planned Health Education Programs - Answers -A) Incorporate collected data
about the health issues addressed and/or about other similar programs
B) Organize at the grassroots level to involve the populations that will be affected
C) Will be most successful if the propriety population feels it has been instrumental in
program development
D) Important to provide a sense of ownership and empowerment among those in the
population of interest
The community organization process includes: - Answers -community recognition of the
issue, entrance of health education specialists into the community to help organize the
citizens, community assessment, priority setting, selection and implementation of an
intervention, and evaluation and reassessment of the action plan.
Health education specialists should: - Answers -1. weigh the benefits and shortcomings
of conference calls, webinars, face-to-face meetings, and strive to make participation
seamless for priority populations, partners, and other stakeholders.
2. Should communicate about gatherings via oral messages, newsletters, and traditional
and/or social media to ensure the broadest possible participation.
Coalition - Answers -community groups and collaborative efforts
Collaborative efforts - Answers -provide the opportunity for program planners to bring
together representatives from diverse organizations, segments, or constituencies within
the community to work toward a common goal. Also bring together a combination of
resources and expertise.
Steps for an effective coalition: - Answers -1. Analyze the issue or problem on which the
coalition will focus
2. Create awareness of the issue
, 3. Conduct initial coalition planning and recruitment
4. Develop resources and funding for the coalition
5. Create coalition infrastructure
6. Elect coalition leadership
7. Create an action plan
To promote this collaborative effort, health education specialists: - Answers -need to
research the partner organizations mission's, establish clear goals, tasks, and
communication methods, and continually monitor effectiveness.
People who may be interested in the program planning process: - Answers -1.
Individuals who represent various groups within the priority population
2. Representatives of other stakeholders not represented in the priority population
3. Individuals who have key roles within the organization sponsoring the program
Obstacles: - Answers -1. Lack of time
2. Lack of awareness
3. Lack of transportation and communication barriers
4. Lack of interest/apathy
5. Inconvenient locations or times
Remove these obstacles by: - Answers -making personal contact with key
representatives, provide incentives for participation, choose easily accessible meeting
locations and conduct training programs.
Goals: - Answers -1. Help measure a program's processes and outcomes.
2. Include program components, activities, deliveries, and time frame while the
outcomes could include short-term changes (knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviors) or
long-term changes (behavior adherence, health status.)
Primary Prevention: - Answers -focused on protecting people from developing a disease
or injury
Secondary Prevention: - Answers -emphasizes early diagnosis of disease or potential
injury. Example: regular preventative exams or screening tests
Tertiary Prevention: - Answers -rehabilitation after diagnosis or a disease or injury. Goal
is to prevent further deterioration and maximizing quality of life through self-
management or support groups.
Vision Statement: - Answers -one-sentence or one-phrase statement that describes the
long-term desired change stemming from the efforts of an organization or community.
Mission Statement - Answers -1. Statement of the purpose of organization
2. Oriented to making decision, priorities, and actions of the organization
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