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BIO 340 Final Exam |Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified
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BIO 340 Final Exam |Questions with 100%Correct Answers | Verified
Transmission Genetics - ✔️✔️The passage of genes from one generation to the next
What is the molecular definition of a gene? - ✔️✔️A segment of DNA encoding a polypeptide (or
an RNA chain)
What is a general definition of a gene? - ✔️✔️The fundamental unit of heredity, which carries
information from one generation
to the next
What are alleles? - ✔️✔️Variants of genes
How do alleles change? - ✔️✔️They change their frequency in populations
What is forward genetic analysis? - ✔️✔️-From phenotype to genes
1. identify a biological trait of interest
2. find mutants that affect this trait
3. look for evidence that the mutants are caused by variation at a single gene
4. identify the DNA sequence of the gene
Gregor Mendel - ✔️✔️19th century founder of genetics
What was a common misconception in the 19th century? - ✔️✔️-Blending inheritance
,-Held that traits of mother and father were blended and permanently changed in
the offspring (like mixing paint)
-Could not explain the pattern of brown cow and white cow parents producing a
brown cow offspring
-Also cannot explain 2 brown cow parents producing a white cow offspring
Key to Mendel's success - ✔️✔️1. He chose a good species that produced a lot of
offspring and in a short amount of time. 2. He looked at discontinuous traits
3. He
studied true-breeding strains
4. He studied one trait at a time
5) He counted the offspring
Continuous traits - ✔️✔️traits which vary across an unbroken range of
values
Discontinuous or discrete traits - ✔️✔️traits which show two or more
distinct and separate forms.
-Example: color (green or yellow) and wrinkled vs. round
Hybrids - ✔️✔️offspring of genetically dissimilar parents
Monohybrids - ✔️✔️hybrid between two strains that differ only by a
single traits.
,Homozygote - ✔️✔️has two copies of the same allele AA or aa
Heterozygote - ✔️✔️has two copies with different alleles Aa
true-breeding strains - ✔️✔️Matings within true-breeding strains always
produce offspring that resemble their parents
In guinea pigs, coat color is determined by a single gene with two alleles. A Guinea pig from a
true-breeding black strain is mated with a guinea pig from a true-breeding whit strain. The F1
progeny are all black. Two of the F2 progeny are mated with each other.
What proportion of the F2 progeny is expected to be white? - ✔️✔️1/4
In guinea pigs, coat color is determined by a single gene with two alleles. A Guinea pig from a
true-breeding black strain is mated with a guinea pig from a true-breeding whit strain. The F1
progeny are all black. Two of the F2 progeny are mated with each other.
What proportion of the black F2 progeny is expected to be homozygous? - ✔️✔️1/3
In guinea pigs, coat color is determined by a single gene with two alleles. Allele B is dominant
and encodes for a black coat. Allele b is recessive and encosed for a white coat.
If you cross a black guinea pig with a white one, what is the phenotype ratio in the F1
generation?
A) All black
B) All white
C) 1/2 black, 1/2 white
D) 3/4 black, 1/4 white
E) I cannot tell - ✔️✔️E ) I cannot tell
, You analyze the offspring of a cross between two pea plants. You cross two pea plants, both of
which have purple flowers. You are suprised to see that in the first generation, there are plants
with both purple flowers and white flowers. What is the most likely reason for this?
A. one parent was homozygous recessive and one was heterozygous
B. a new mutation occurred
C. one parent was homozygous recessive and one was homozygous dominant
D. both parental plants were heterozygous
E. one parent was homozygous doinant and one was heterozygous - ✔️✔️
What is dominance? - ✔️✔️-A condition in which one member of an allele pair is manifested to
the exclusion
of the other
-The manifested allele is dominant and the hidden allele is recessive
What happens at fertilization? - ✔️✔️Gametes unite at random to produce a zygote, or fertilized
egg
At what phase in cell division are homologous chromosomes aligning in pairs on one plane?
i. Metaphase of mitosis
ii. Metaphase I of meiosis
iii. Metaphase II of meiosis
a. In all three
b. Only i.
c. Only ii.
d. Only iii.
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