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NUR 245 Heart And Neck Vessels Notes
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- NUR 245
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Heart and neck vessels for Nur 245.
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HEART AND NECK VESSELS Dyspnea: shortness of breath
Chest pain: discomfort in the chest including a dull ache, a crushing or burning
feeling, a sharp stabbing pain, and pain that radiates to the neck or shoulder
Orthopnea: shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have
to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair
Edema: medical term for swelling
Nocturia: when you wake up during the night because you have to urinate
Murmur: sound of blood flowing through the heart, due to anything from healthy
heart exertion during exercise to a diseased heart valve or other abnormality, assessed
on 6 levels
Thrill: murmur that can be palpated
Bruit: located in the artery vascular murmur is the abnormal sound generated by
turbulent flow of blood in an artery because of either an area of partial obstruction or
a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery, atherosclerosis
may be a cause
Central venous pressure [CVP]: blood pressure in the venae cava, near the right
atrium of the heart, reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability
of the heart to pump the blood back into the arterial system
Apical impulse [point of maximum impulse, PMI]: found on the left side of the chest
in the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line, also the apex of the heart
Ventricles: major pumps of the heart
o RIGHT: most anterior of the 4 chambers
o Crescent shaped, thin walled 4-5mm thick, low-pressure system, contracts and
propels deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary
artery, tricuspid and pulmonic valves
o LEFT: “main pump” of the heart
o Thick walled 8-15mm thick, high-pressure system, squeezes and ejects blood
into the systemic circulation via the aorta during ventricular systole, mitral
and aortic valves
Cardiac cycle: continuous movement of blood through contraction and relaxation of
heart
o Systole: heart’s contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary
and systemic arteries, this is one third of the cardiac cycle
o Diastole: ventricles relax and fill with blood; this takes up two thirds of
cardiac cycle
o First heart sound [S1]: beginning of ventricular systole; “lub” – closure of AV
valves, closure of mitral and tricuspid valve, loudest at apex
o Second heart sound [S2]: end of systole, beginning of diastole; “dub” –
closure of semilunar valves, loudest at base of heart
Direction of blood flow I: unoxygenated red blood drains into vena cava, follows
route of venous blood
o From liver to the right atrium through inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava drains venous blood from the head and upper
extremities
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