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Professional Engineering Exam - Petroleum Engineering Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

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  • Professional Engineering

Causes for INCREASE in Pore Pressure 1). Undercompaction by rapid burial of low-perm sediments 2). lateral compression 3). Water release from clay minerals from heating & compression 4). Expansion of fluids from heating 5). Fluid density contrasts 6). Buoyancy effects 7). Fluid inject...

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  • November 8, 2024
  • 49
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Professional Engineering
  • Professional Engineering
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Professional Engineering Exam - Petroleum
Engineering Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update
Causes for INCREASE in Pore Pressure

✓ 1). Undercompaction by rapid burial of low-perm sediments

✓ 2). lateral compression

✓ 3). Water release from clay minerals from heating & compression

✓ 4). Expansion of fluids from heating

✓ 5). Fluid density contrasts

✓ 6). Buoyancy effects

✓ 7). Fluid injection



Causes for DECREASE in Pore Pressure

✓ 1). Fluid shrinkage

✓ 2). Unloading

✓ 3). Rock dilation

✓ 4). Reservoir depletion



Which faulting regime is the only one in which the vertical stress is the greatest principle stress?

✓ Normal



What is the only accurate way to determine pore pressure?

✓ Direct Measurement


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Why is it difficult to measure the pore pressure of a shale?

✓ very low permeabilities and small pore volumes



What are the various strength criterions and their characteristics?

✓ Mohr-Coulomb - 2D w/2 criterions (Cohesion So & UCS); stress difference at failure is
linear to confining stress



✓ Hoek and Brown (HB): 2D, 3 criterions



✓ Tesca: simple version of Mohr-Coulomb



✓ Modified Lade: 3D but requires only 2 empirical constants equal to UCS; preferred for
wellbore stability



What methods can be used to determine the strength properties of rock?

✓ Single-Sample Testing: triaxial tests are difficult & time-consuming, require
similar/identical cores



✓ Scratch Testing: no special prep; in lab or in on rig; no damage to core



✓ Penetrometer Testing: no special prep; blunt probe



✓ Note: estimating uniaxial compressive strength using rig site measurements is NOT
straightforward




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Where are drilling mud samples typically taken?

✓ Suction pit and Possum Belly



✓ - A possum belly is a metal container at the head of the shale shaker; its purpose is to
slow the flow of drilling fluid so it does not shoot out of the shale shakers; generally used
when bentonite or another form of "mud" is being used



✓ - a mud tank connected to the intake of the main rig pumping system; last mud tank in the
surface mud system before mud is pumped into the well



Where are mud temperatures typically monitored?

✓ Suction pit and Mud Return Lines



What are the most common sources of drilling mud contamination?

✓ Pipe scale, pipe dope, and air entering the drill string at connections



During drilling operations, where are gas samples typically taken?

✓ At the "gas trap" or gas extractor



✓ - the gas extractor is part of the mud conditioning system



What is underbalanced drilling?

✓ Drilling with the well's bottom hole pressure intentionally lower than formation pressures




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What aspects allow the well to be maintained under control during underbalanced drilling

operations?

✓ 1). drilled cuttings adding to fluid hydrostatic pressure

✓ 2). friction pressures from circulation

✓ 3). choke pressures applied at the surface



What is the main well control issue during underbalanced drilling?

✓ Flow Control



✓ Note: NOT pressure control



What are the advantages of underbalanced drilling?

✓ 1). avoids filter cake buildup

✓ 2). avoids invasion of mud into formation for improved productivity

✓ 3). increased ROP

✓ 4). increased bit life

✓ 5). ability to acquire reservoir data is improved

✓ 6). decrease formation damage

✓ 7). decrease differential sticking

✓ 8). decrease lost circulation



What are the disadvantages of underbalanced drilling?




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