Paramedic Trauma FISDAP Exam
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2024
Fall Severity Factors - ✔✔1) Height- determines the velocity of the fall. A fall
greater than 15 feet or 2.5-3 times the pt's height will have a greater injury &
higher rate of death. 2) Position- children usually land on their heads (more
mass), and adults tend to try to land on their feet, cause spinal injuries "Don Juan
Syndrome or Lovers Leap". 3) Surface- Snow vs. Concrete.
Blunt Trauma - ✔✔Refers to injuries in which the tissues are not penetrated by
an external object.
Penetrating Trauma - ✔✔Involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in
a small, focused area. Most common cause of penetrating trauma- GSW.
Stab Wounds - ✔✔Severity of the stab wound depends on the anatomic
area involved, depth of penetration, blade length and angle of penetration.
,GSW - ✔✔The most important factor for the seriousness of a gunshot wound
is the type of tissue through which the projectile passes. Tissues of high
elasticity like muscle, is better able to tolerate stretch, rather than the liver.
Entry Wound - ✔✔Characterized by the effects of initial contact & implosion. *As
a general rule, the entrance wound (usually funnel shaped), is always smaller than
the exit wound.
Exit Wound - ✔✔Occur when the projectile has sufficient energy that is
not entirely dissipated along its trajectory through the body.
Ricochet - ✔✔*Don't assume that a bullet followed a straight path between the
entrance & exit sights, it may ricochet inside the body, esp off bones, and travel in
diff directions.
,Primary Blast Injury - ✔✔Injuries due to the wave blast itself, usually causing
damage to the lungs, eardrums and other compressible organs (air filled cavities).
Burns also may occur.
Secondary Blast Injury - ✔✔Injuries due to missiles being propelled by blast
force (struck by flying debris).
Tertiary Blast Injury - ✔✔Injuries due to body impact with another object (when
a person is hurled by the force against stationary objects).
Arterial Air Embolism - ✔✔When air enters into the pulmonary vasculature,
air bubbles can enter a coronary artery and cause a myocardial injury. These
can cause changes in vision, changes in behavior, changes in LOC.
Preload - ✔✔The amount of blood returned to the heart to be pumped out
and directly affects the afterload.
, Afterload - ✔✔The pressure in the aorta or the peripheral vascular resistance,
against which the left ventricle must pump blood. The greater the afterload, the
harder it is for the ventricle to eject blood into the aorta.
Perfusion - ✔✔Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate
amounts to meet the cells needs.
Autonomic Nervous System - ✔✔Monitors the body's needs from moment to
moment, adjusting the blood flow as required. Maintains homeostasis & is
divided into the parasympathetic & sympathetic components that oppose
each other and keep vital functions in balance.
Sympathetic System - ✔✔Known as fight or flight, and is your body's response
system to stress. Can be external or internal (like an MI). Actions include having
a faster/stronger heart contractions, deeper respiration's, bronchodilation,
shunting of blood to vital organs, & slowing the cessation of digestive functions.
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