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CCFP EM Exam Questions And Answers
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CCFP EM Exam Questions And Answers CCFP EM Exam Questions And Answers CCFP EM Exam Questions And Answers
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CCFP EM ExamA-a gradient equation @ sea level - (150-1.2(PaCO2))-PaO2
Compared to expected: Age/4 + 4
Anion gap equation - AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
Normal = 8-12
Delta gap equation - Delta gap = Delta anion gap - Delta HCO3
FENa equation - FENa = [(UNa x Scr)/(SNa x Ucr)] x 100
OR
(UNa/SNa) / (Ucr/SCr) x 100
GCS score - GCS Motor: 6 obeys commands, 5 localizes pain, 4 withdraws to pain, 3 flexion to pain
(decorticate), 2 extension to pain (decerebrate), 1 none.
GCS Verbal: 5 oriented, 4 confused, 3 inappropriate words, 2 incomprehensible sounds, 1 none.
GCS Eyes: 4 spontaneous opening, 3 opens to command, 2 opens to pain, 1 none
Serum osmolality equation - 1. Serum osmolality = (2 x sodium) + BUN + glucose + EtOH
,Gap = serum Osm - calculated Osm
Norma = -10 to +10
Parkland formula - TBSA x weight (kg) x 4
half of volume given in first 8 hours
(starting at the time of the burn not at time entering ER)
half over next 16 hours
Winter's formula - Pco2 = 1.5 [HCO3-] + 8 +/- 2
ACS shock classification - I: 15%/750ml loss - relatively normal vitals
II: 15-30%/1.5L loss - tachycardia, normal BP
III: 30-40%/2L loss - tachycardia + hypotension
IV: 40%+/2L+ - shock, tachycardia, hypotension, AMS
Beck's triad - hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
Cushing's Response/Reflex/Triad - HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations
Basal skull fracture signs - Periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes)
CSF rhinorrhea
,hemotympanum
mastoid process bruising (battle's sign)
ICH Types + source - Epidural hematoma - Middle meningeal arteries
Subdural hematoma - Bridging veins
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - cortical surface vessels
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Subfalcine herniation vs. Uncal herniation presentation vs. Tonsilar herniation - displacement of
cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri
= abnormal gait
Uncus of the temporal lobe is displaced downward
Creates pressure on CN III, posterior cerebral artery, and RAS
= CN 3 palsy = ipsalateral pupil dilation
= contralateral hemiparesis
= coma
herniation of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
= death
Le Fort I vs. II vs. III - I: palate is mobile/# below nose
II: nose is mobile/# of inferior orbit
III: face is mobile/# through zygomatic arch
Mandible fracture red flags - mandibular pain
, malocclusion
trismus
decreased TMJ motion
lower lip paresthesia (mandibular nerve injury)
Most common is condyle
Orbital fracture red flags - orbital pain
globe injury
diplopia
proptosis (retrobulbar hematoma)
limited ocular movement (entrapment)
↓visual acuity
Neck trauma zones - Zone 3 = Above mandible -> Aortography with triple endoscopy
Zone 2 = Mandible to Cricoid cartilage -> 2D doppler +/- exploratory surgery
Zone 1 = Below Cricoid -> Arortography
Neck Trauma Hard Signs Mnemonic - H: Hypotension
A: Arterial bleeding
R: Rapid expanding hematoma
D: Deficit (pulse/neurological)
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