UC Berkeley CogSci 1 Midterm 1 Exam
Questions and Answers
What is Cognitive Science? - Answers -interdisciplinary study of the mind
Levels of Cog Sci - Answers -Cognition and Language (Philosophy, anthropology,
linguistics), Computation and connectionism (computer science, psychology),
computational neurobiology (computational neuroscience, neuroscience, neurobiology),
biology
CRUM - Answers -computational, representational, understanding of the mind. the idea
that thinking can best be understood in terms of representation, structures in the mind
and computational procedures that operate on those structures.
What materials/mental representations make up our mind? - Answers -concepts,
propositions (declarative knowledge), rules (procedural knowledge), analogies
(reasoning, problem solving, decision making), images (visual imagery).
the majority of our thoughts are in ________ - Answers -words
What are the 4 stages of analogical reasoning? - Answers -1. Comprehension of the
target problem. 2. Remembering a similar source problem for which a solution is already
known. 3. The source and target are composed and mapped. 4. The source problem is
adapted to produce a solution to the target problem.
Where in the brain are concepts formed? - Answers -Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
Where in the brain are propositions formed? - Answers -left hemisphere
Where in the brain are rules formed? - Answers -Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
Where in the brain are analogies formed? - Answers -left prefrontal cortex
Where in the brain are images formed? - Answers -Occipital lobe
What is Phrenology? - Answers -Attributing character traits to an individual based on
relative prominence of regions on the surface of his or her skull, has to do with
localization of function
Phineas Gage (Case Study) - Answers -Phineas Gage: railroad worker who survived a
brain injury that changed his personality and behavior;
, case study examined the localization of brain function: frontal lobe controls personality
and behavior
What is cognitive neuroscience? - Answers -the study of the structure and processes
underlying cognitive function
Synapse - Answers -space between neurons through which they communicate, through
either electrical or chemical signals
Action potential - Answers -flow and exchange of ions and potassium in response to a
stimulus
what are the two types of brain damage techniques? - Answers -lesion studies and case
study method
what is brain mapping? - Answers -similar to regular mapping, goal is to create a 3D
image of the brain that represents both structure and function
Mapping by electrophysiological means/single cell recording - Answers -gives info about
connections that link one part of the brain to other parts of the brained principles
according to which these links are ordered.
Angiography - Answers -useful in detecting certain disorders associated with
abnormalities in the arteries of the brain.
hemorrhage - Answers -heavy bleeding from malformation of brain arteries
CT scan - Answers -a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and
combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body,
highly invasive, average temporal resolution, low spatial resolution
CAT scan - Answers -a method of creating static images of the brain through
computerized axial tomography. we can deblur the original axial tomographic image and
reconstruct a complete image from multiple views provided by a rotating beam. It is
used to image bone liver and brain.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Answers -a technique that uses magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show
brain anatomy. Cannot be performed if one has metal present in the body. Clearer than
a CAT scan. Allows researcher to see white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid
as well.
EEG/ERP - Answers -good temporal resolution, average spatial resolution; uses
electroencephalography to record electrical activity of the brain during cognitive
processing. Attaches electrodes to the outside of ones skull and can detect rapid
Questions and Answers
What is Cognitive Science? - Answers -interdisciplinary study of the mind
Levels of Cog Sci - Answers -Cognition and Language (Philosophy, anthropology,
linguistics), Computation and connectionism (computer science, psychology),
computational neurobiology (computational neuroscience, neuroscience, neurobiology),
biology
CRUM - Answers -computational, representational, understanding of the mind. the idea
that thinking can best be understood in terms of representation, structures in the mind
and computational procedures that operate on those structures.
What materials/mental representations make up our mind? - Answers -concepts,
propositions (declarative knowledge), rules (procedural knowledge), analogies
(reasoning, problem solving, decision making), images (visual imagery).
the majority of our thoughts are in ________ - Answers -words
What are the 4 stages of analogical reasoning? - Answers -1. Comprehension of the
target problem. 2. Remembering a similar source problem for which a solution is already
known. 3. The source and target are composed and mapped. 4. The source problem is
adapted to produce a solution to the target problem.
Where in the brain are concepts formed? - Answers -Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
Where in the brain are propositions formed? - Answers -left hemisphere
Where in the brain are rules formed? - Answers -Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex
Where in the brain are analogies formed? - Answers -left prefrontal cortex
Where in the brain are images formed? - Answers -Occipital lobe
What is Phrenology? - Answers -Attributing character traits to an individual based on
relative prominence of regions on the surface of his or her skull, has to do with
localization of function
Phineas Gage (Case Study) - Answers -Phineas Gage: railroad worker who survived a
brain injury that changed his personality and behavior;
, case study examined the localization of brain function: frontal lobe controls personality
and behavior
What is cognitive neuroscience? - Answers -the study of the structure and processes
underlying cognitive function
Synapse - Answers -space between neurons through which they communicate, through
either electrical or chemical signals
Action potential - Answers -flow and exchange of ions and potassium in response to a
stimulus
what are the two types of brain damage techniques? - Answers -lesion studies and case
study method
what is brain mapping? - Answers -similar to regular mapping, goal is to create a 3D
image of the brain that represents both structure and function
Mapping by electrophysiological means/single cell recording - Answers -gives info about
connections that link one part of the brain to other parts of the brained principles
according to which these links are ordered.
Angiography - Answers -useful in detecting certain disorders associated with
abnormalities in the arteries of the brain.
hemorrhage - Answers -heavy bleeding from malformation of brain arteries
CT scan - Answers -a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and
combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body,
highly invasive, average temporal resolution, low spatial resolution
CAT scan - Answers -a method of creating static images of the brain through
computerized axial tomography. we can deblur the original axial tomographic image and
reconstruct a complete image from multiple views provided by a rotating beam. It is
used to image bone liver and brain.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Answers -a technique that uses magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show
brain anatomy. Cannot be performed if one has metal present in the body. Clearer than
a CAT scan. Allows researcher to see white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid
as well.
EEG/ERP - Answers -good temporal resolution, average spatial resolution; uses
electroencephalography to record electrical activity of the brain during cognitive
processing. Attaches electrodes to the outside of ones skull and can detect rapid
