State 2 reasons for application of the CAT Right Ans - a. <C> on limb
b. Low visibility or insufficient time to assess
c. First CAT fails
What immediate actions should be taken if bleeding reoccurs following CAT
application? Right Ans - a. Reassess CAT already applied.
b. Apply second CAT immediately proximal to the initial CAT.
State 3 sites where Celox is not to be used Right Ans - a. Suspected open
skull fractures.
b. Inside the chest cavity.
c. Inside the abdominal cavity.
State the actions required should bleeding continue/reoccur with the use of
Celox Rapid Right Ans - a. Apply more Celox with an additional 1 minute of
pressure. b. Apply direct pressure.
State 3 causes of an airway obstruction? Right Ans - a. Liquids
b. Solids
c. Swelling
d. Structural
Manual opening manoeuvres, name 2 Right Ans - a. Head tilt chin lift.
b. Jaw thrust, whilst maintaining in-line immobilisation.
State 2 reasons for using an airway adjunct Right Ans - a. To maintain an
airway by preventing the tongue from obstructing the throat.
b. When unable to continue manual manoeuvres.
What are the standard NPA sizes used for Right Ans - a. Adult male - Size 7.
b. Adult female - Size 6.
6 for chicks, 7 for dicks.
Describe how to select an appropriate size I-Gel Right Ans - Estimate
weight of casualty and select the correct size I-Gel in accordance with their
weight
, State 3 indications for insertion of a surgical airway, having escalated up the
airway ladder through other methods Right Ans - a. Swelling of the upper
airway.
b. Facial and airway trauma and burns.
c. Definitive airway required but no sedation available.
d. When all other methods of securing the airway have failed
Identify the 3 landmarks for surgical airway Right Ans - a. Cricoid cartilage.
b. Thyroid cartilage.
c. Cricothyroid membrane.
State 3 potential complications regarding surgical airway Right Ans - a. Cuff
puncture.
b. Formation of a false passage into the tissues.
c. Other damage to surrounding tissues.
d. Bleeding (with risk of aspiration) or haematoma formation. e. Surgical
emphysema
State 7 signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax Right Ans - a.
Increased respiratory rate.
b. Splayed ribs.
c. Asymmetrical chest movement.
d. Emphysema.
e. Increased effort of breathing.
f. Tracheal deviation.
g. Distended neck veins.
h. Chest pain.
i. Hyper-resonance on percussion on affected side.
j. Absent/decreased breath sounds on affected side.
k. Low O2 saturation or cyanosis.
How to locate the two recommended sites for needle decompression Right
Ans - a. 2nd intercostal space, mid-clavicular line, over the 3rd rib. b. 5th
intercostal space, slightly anterior to the mid-axillary line, over the 6th rib.
c. If insertion through the skin proves difficult do not apply excessive force
and depending on equipment available, use a scalpel to make a small nick in
the skin
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