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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid-Term Test Questions and Answers
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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid-Term Test Questions and Answers
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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Mid-Term
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - Answer-Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast
cell degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - Answer-Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
,Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid
tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs
and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity - Answer-Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body
fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - Answer-Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in
the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit
in organs that cause tissue damage
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - Answer-Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
, Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction: - Answer-Type 1: Immediate
hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed
lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the site of contact with
the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
Treatment of Type 4 Rash - Answer-A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated with
topical corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines act on the H1 receptors.
Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
Autoimmunity - Answer-Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family members may not all
develop the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety
of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - Answer-General term used to describe when an individual's immune system reacts
against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species.
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