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NUR-120-ALT Exam 3 Questions with Complete Answers
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NUR-120-ALT Exam 3 Questions with Complete Answers
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NUR-120-ALT Exam 3 Questions withComplete Answers
sinoatrial (SA) node - Answer-pacemaker of the heart
Located in the right atrium
atrioventricular (AV) node - Answer-Electrical activity passes through AV node into left
and right bundles and into purkinje fibers to the ventricles
Arteries - Answer--Thick elastic walls
-stretch during contraction(systole)
-recoil during relaxation (dyastole)
-carry oxygenated blood away from heart
Arterioles - Answer--Smaller branch of arteries
-smooth muscle, thinner than arteries
-Sympathetic nervous system/constrict and dilate to control blood to capillaries,
maintain BP
Capillaries - Answer-Exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between tissue cells and
blood.
veins and venules - Answer--Thin, inelastic, collapse easily
-relax and contract to accommodate blood volume
(A holding tank for fluctuation in blood volume)
-carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Hemoglobin - Answer-carries oxygen in the blood
coronary arteries (Right and Left) - Answer--supply blood to the heart
-coronary sinus, located just above the aortic valve, fills with blood during diastole.
-coronary arteries are the only arteries in the body that fill during diastole
Regulation of heart - Answer-Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic increases heart rate
Parasympathetic lowers heart rate
Regulation of Vascular system - Answer-sympathetic fibers maintain a constant
baseline state of partial contraction (tone)
brainstem centers - Answer-regulate cardiac function and blood pressure
vasomotor center - Answer-controls sympathetic stimulation of heart and vascular
system
, cardioinhibitory center - Answer-controls parasympathetic slowing of heart rate
Baroreceptors - Answer-Sensitive to pressure changes
Small drop in pressure will cause brainstem centers to increase heart rate and induce
vasoconstriction
vascular system - Answer--chemoreceptors sensitive to change in Blood pH, O2 levels,
and CO2 levels
-Regulate ventilation
-Sends info to vasomotor center to activate sympathetic stimulation when lack of
oxygen
Factors affecting Cardiac function - Answer--Adults - Lifestyle, stress, heredity, diet,
exercise, obesity
- Older Adults - Thick/more rigid valves, decreased myocardial strength, lower exercise
tolerance.
Factors affecting Cardiac function (cont) - Answer--Stress
-Allergies/air quality
-Altitude
-Heat and cold
Factors affecting Cardiac function (cont 2) - Answer-Peripheral Vascular Abnormalities
-Arterial and venous abnormalities
O2 Transport Abnormalities
-Anemia- low levels of RBC and hemoglobin
-Carbon Monoxide- binds to hemoglobin at oxygen receptor sites
Medications - Answer-Cardiovascular depressants
-Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
--reduce workload of heart, control heart rythm, control hypertension
-Calcium channel blockers
--block calcium into cells of heart and blood vessels, decrease BP, and strength of
myocardial contractions, slows heart rate and dilates arteries
Cardiovascular Assessment - Answer--Pain
-Fatigue
-Dyspnea- difficulty breathing
-Peripheral Circulation
-Blood Oxygenation
-Cardiac monitoring
Cardiovascular nursing Diagnosis - Answer-Decreased cardiac output
Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion
Ineffective tissue perfusion
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