NURS 190 PA Exam Questions and Answers (100% Pass) Already Passed
The nail appears more convex and wide; the nail angle is greater than 160 degrees. Occurs
in chronic respiratory and cardiac conditions in which oxygenationis compromised (lung disease, lung
cancer, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis) (van Manen et al., 2017). Additional causes may include liver
disease, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and HIV. - Answers Clubbing
A fungal nail infection that causes the nails to thicken and liftoff the nail bed and appear white, yellow,
or opaque. Most com- monly occurs on toe- nails; more common in adults. Also called tinea unguium. -
Answers Onycholysis
Occur because of trauma or illness affect- ing nail formation. A lin- ear depression develops at the base
and moves distally as the nail grows. - Answers Beau's Lines
Can occur as a result of trauma or in endo- carditis. These appear as reddish-brown spots in the nail. -
Answers splinter hemorrhage
Concavity and thinning of the nails, commonly a congenital condition or result from an iron defi- ciency.
Also known as spoon nails. - Answers koilonychia
an infection of the skin adjacent to the nail, usually caused by bacteria or fungi. Af- fected area becomes
red, swollen, and pain- ful; pus may ooze from affected area. - Answers paronychia
Excess body hair in females on the face, chest, abdomen, arms, and legs, following
the male pattern that is typically because of endocrine or metabolic dysfunction. Also may be idiopathic
or of un- known origin. - Answers hirsutism
Infected hair follicles give rise to furuncles, which are hard, ery- thematous, pus-filled lesions. Abscesses
are caused by bacteria en- tering the skin. These are larger lesions than furuncles. - Answers
furuncle/abscess
There is no known cause for this condition, which produces a sudden loss of hair in a round balding
patch on the scalp. - Answers alopecia areata
Infections of hair folli- cles, appears as pus- tules with underlying erythema. - Answers folliculitis
Yellow-white greasy scales on the scalpand forehead, similarto eczema but without the significant
itching or discomfort characteristic of eczema). Common in infants. Also called cra- dle cap. - Answers
seborrheic dermatitis
Highly contagious fungal disease (Mayo Clinic, 2014c) that causes patchy hair loss on the head with skin
pustules. Trans- mitted from the soil, from animals, or from person to person. Most common among
toddlers and school- age children. Also called scalp ringworm - Answers tinea capitis
, The least common but most serious type of skin cancer because it spreads rapidly to lymph and blood
vessels. Le- sion contains areas of varied pigmentation and may be black, brown, blue, or red, often with
irregular edges with notched borders; diame- ter is greater than 6 mm - Answers malignant melanoma
Malignant tumor of the epidermis and internal epithelial tis- sues. Painless lesions are typically soft,
blue to purple; other characteristics are variable. Lesions may be macular or papular and may resemble
ke- loids or bruises. Most commonly occurs in people who are HIV positive. - Answers kaposi's sarcoma
The most common but least malignant type of skin cancer. A prolifer- ation of the cells of the stratum
basale into the dermis and subcutane- ous tissue.
Lesions begin as shiny papules that de- velop central ulcers with rounded, pearly edges and occur most
often on regions regularly ex- posed to the sun. - Answers basal cell carcinoma
Arises from the cells of the stratum spinosum, and begins as a red- dened, scaly papule that then forms
a shal- low ulcer with a clearly delineated, elevated border. Commonly appears on the scalp, ears, back
of the hand, and lower lip. Believed to be caused by sun exposure; grows rapidly. - Answers squamous
cell carcinoma
Thickening of the skin in dry, silvery, scaly patches that occurs with overproduction of skin cells, resulting
in buildup of cells faster than they can be shed. May be triggered by emotional stress or generally poor
health. Lesions may form on the scalp, elbows and knees, lower back, and peri- anal area. - Answers
psoriasis
Inflammation of the skin be- cause of an allergy to a sub- stance that comes into contact with the skin,
such as clothing, jewelry, plants, chemicals, or cosmetics. Lesion location may help identify the allergen.
May progress from redness to hives, vesicles, or scales; usu- ally accompanied by intense itching. -
Answers contact dermatitis
Internally provoked inflam- mation of the skin causing reddened papules and vesicles that ooze and
weep and possible crust formation. Lesions usually located on the scalp, face, elbows, knees, forearms,
torso, and wrists; usually accompanied by intense itching. - Answers eczema
A contagious bacterial skin in- fection that usually appears on the skin around the nose and mouth.
Lesions may begin as a barely perceptible patch of blisters that breaks, exposing red, weeping area
beneath. Tan crust soon forms over this area, and the infection may spread out of the edges. Com- mon
in children. - Answers impetigo
A chronic viral infection. Le- sions progress from vesicles to pustules and then crusts. The two different
types of herpes simplex are oral (HSV-1) and genital (HSV-2). HSV-1 causes lesions on the lips and oral
mucosa. HSV-2 causes lesions on the penis, vagina, buttocks, or anus. Although lesions are often
confined to the oral mu- cosa or genitals, lesions from both types of herpes can ap- pear anywhere on
the body. - Answers herpes simplex
