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BI234 CH - MICROBIAL METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS $10.49   Add to cart

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BI234 CH - MICROBIAL METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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BI234 CH - MICROBIAL METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS What role do enzymes play in metabolic pathways? Enzymes control the chemical reactions in metabolic pathways. They are necessary for metabolism to occur. How is the action of a competitive inhibitor different f...

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  • November 9, 2024
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BI234 CH - MICROBIAL METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS


What role do enzymes play in metabolic pathways?

Enzymes control the chemical reactions in metabolic pathways. They are necessary for

metabolism to occur.

How is the action of a competitive inhibitor different from that of an allosteric

inhibitor?

-Competitive inhibitors have a shape that is similar to the substrate of the enzyme and

bind to the active site of the enzyme - these inhibitors compete for the active site.



-Allosteric inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site. When bound to the

allosteric site, these inhibitors induce a conformational change in the enzyme, changing

the shape of the active site and prevent the substrate from binding

Lactoferrin is a chemical in the human body that binds free iron. The absence of

iron in the body inhibits bacterial enzyme activity. Based on the information, what

role does iron play in many bacteria?

Iron is a Cofactor for bacterial enzymes

In E. coli, when tryptophan (trap) levels in the cell are high, trip binds to the

enzymes in the metabolic pathway for trp Biosynthesis. This is an example of

what type of enzyme regulation?

Feedback inhibition

,You grow a culture of E. coli in broth that contains glucose and lactose.



a) What is catabolite repression?

b) Which sugar will be used up first?

a) Catabolite repression occurs when the presence of one substrate inhibits the

metabolism of a second substrate. Cells use the more energy efficient (energetic

favorable) source first.



b) Glucose

The end pathways of fermentation, aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

oxidize NADH to NAD+. Why is this recycling of NAD+ important?

-NAD+ is required Coenzyme for the enzymes in Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.



-Without NAD+, these metabolic pathways would not run. NADH must be oxidized to

NAD+ so that metabolism can continue.

How many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose by aerobic

respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

-Aerobic respiration - 34-36 ATP

-Anaerobic respiration - up to 32 ATP

-Fermentation - up to 2 ATP

What are the final electron acceptors used by by aerobic respiration, anaerobic

respiration and fermentation?

, -Aerobic respiration - Oxygen

-Anaerobic respiration - Inorganic oxygen containing molecule

-Fermentation - Organic molecule (pyruvate)

Consider two flasks of the same facultative anaerobe grown in broth

supplemented with glucose for 16hrs. One flask is incubated in the presence of

Oxygen, the other in incubated under anaerobic conditions. If all other conditions

are held constant, what differences would you predict for the cell masses of the

two cultures.

-The culture grown in aerobic conditions would have a greater cell mass. In the

presence of oxygen, more ATP will be produces per glucose, allowing for a faster

growth rate than in the culture grown under anaerobic conditions.

How does oxidation of a molecule occur without molecular oxygen?

Oxidation - is the Loss of electrons; molecular oxygen is not necessary for this to occur.

What are the end product for each kind of Fermentation:



a) Homolactic fermentation

b) Heterolactic fermentation

c) Propionic acid fermentation

d) Mixed acid fermentation

e) 2,3-Butanediol fermentation

f) ABE fermentation

a) Homolactic fermentation- Lactic acid (yogurt, kefir, beer, bread)

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