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ANS 319 NUTRITION EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANS 319 NUTRITION EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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ANS 319 NUTRITION EXAM 2 QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
What is the only type of carbohydrate that can be absorbed in the small
intestine? - ANSWER monosaccharides
Sucrose -> - ANSWER sucrase
glucose + fructose
Maltose -> - ANSWER maltase
glucose + glucose
think molasses
Lactose -> - ANSWER lactase
glucose + galactose
What animals do not secrete sucrase? - ANSWER ruminants
What animal does not secrete lactase? - ANSWER poultry
Do newborns have a full component of brush-border enzymes? -
ANSWER Yes, but lactose is the only enzyme present in high enough
quantities to be functional
Where is there little carbohydrate absorption? - ANSWER stomach and
large intestine
What type of transport is used for glucose and galactose? - ANSWER
active transport
What type of transport is used for fructose? - ANSWER facilitated
transport
,What type of transport used for carbohydrates requires energy? (ATP) -
ANSWER active transport (glucose and galactose)
What is the relative rate of digestion for the different types of
carbohydrates in the rumen? - ANSWER sugars- minutes
starch- hours
Cellulose/hemicellulose- days
lignin- never!
One glucose can produce - ANSWER 2 acetate + CO2 + CH4 + heat
2 propionate + water (most efficient!)
1 butyrate + CO2 + CH4
What is the use of the VFA acetate? - ANSWER energy
fatty acid synthesis
What is the use of the VFA propionate? - ANSWER energy
gluconeogenic- glucose synthesis
What is the use of the VFA butyrate? - ANSWER energy
rumen epithelial cells convert to ketone (beta hydroxybutyrate)
Do monogastrics or ruminants have less fluctuation in blood glucose
levels? - ANSWER ruminants
Salivary amylase - ANSWER Ruminants- none
non-ruminants
primates- high
pigs-moderate
carnivores- low
Pregastric fermentation - ANSWER Ruminants- high
Non-ruminants- zero in most cases
Gastric - ANSWER ruminant- very low
non-ruminant- very low
Pancreatic amylase in small intestine - ANSWER ruminant- moderate
, non-ruminant- high
Glucose absorption from small intestine - ANSWER ruminant- zero to
low
non-ruminant- high
Post small intestine carbohydrate digestion - ANSWER ruminant- low
non-ruminant- low to high
What organ/tissue does not require insulin to uptake glucose? -
ANSWER liver
What are the three main uses of glucose? - ANSWER 1. energy source
for cells
2. muscle glycogen
3. Fat synthesis if in excess of needs
What are the two 'fates' of glucose? - ANSWER fed and fasted.
They both occur at the same time, it just depends on which one is
predominant.
What are the four major metabolic pathways for glucose? - ANSWER 1.
immediate source of energy
2. Pentosphosphate pathway
3. glycogen synthesis in liver/muscle
4. Precursor for triacylglycerol synthesis
What are the priorities of absorbed glucose? - ANSWER 1. glycogen
storage
2. provide energy
3. stored fat
(1 and 2 go together)
Glycolysis - ANSWER Glucose + 2 ADP + Pi -> 2 pyruvate + 2ATP +
2H2O
cytoplasm
anaaerobic (does not requires oxygen)
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