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CPACC Exam Questions and Answers
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CPACC Exam Questions and Answers
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CPACC Exam Questions and AnswersMedical Model - Answers -defines disability in terms of biological impairments. Disability
is viewed as a problem that is caused by diagnosed genetic disorders, disease, trauma,
or other health conditions. Disability is treated as a biological problem that diminishes
quality of life and needs to be treated with professional medical care.
Social Model - Answers -Rather than place the definition of "disability" entirely on the
person with a disability, this model points out that society creates disabling conditions.
To a large extent, "disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to disability. It merely
points out that more inclusive designs can remove the barriers that people with
disabilities face in their everyday lives. The model emphasizes the human rights of
people with disabilities to participate in society in meaningful ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our
diagnoses
Functional Solutions Model - Answers -model takes a practical approach to disability by
identifying the impairments, or limitations, that are a result of disability. The model then
seeks out solutions for eradicating these limitations through advancements in
technology or methodology. There is less of a focus on the social and political aspects
of disability, but more focus on applying innovation to overcoming the limitations of
disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this approach. They
see a need and try to meet the need with their products and/or services.
Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model - Answers -People with disabilities may
develop a sense of personal identity through consorting with others who share similar
life experiences based on their disability. Together, the group develops a sense of
culture based on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of disability, because
groups of people with different types of disabilities—or even without any disabilities—
may consider themselves part of the same social group.
Charity Model/Tragedy Model - Answers -treats disabilities as unfortunate or tragic
conditions worthy of special treatment. People without disabilities take pity on those with
disabilities and set up fundraisers, projects, assistance, and other interventions to
improve the condition of those with disabilities. Many people with disabilities find this
approach offensive, even if the end result produces something that helps people with
disabilities. With this approach, the offensive part is the attitude and the assumptions.
People without disabilities are in the position of the givers; the "fortunate" ones. People
with disabilities are in the position of the receivers; the "unfortunate" ones. This kind of
, arrangement sets up an unequal power balance, and an unhealthy social relationship
between groups of people.
Blindness - Answers -Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the term is often used to
define a total loss of vision, it may also refer to partial blindness, where sight may be
extremely limited (low vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Accidents or traumatic injuries to the eye
Stroke
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Screen Readers - Answers -Convert the text on the web page into spoken words. Blind
people listen to web pages
ICT Blindness Challenge: Cannot see digital or electronic interfaces (computers,
automated teller machines (ATMs), mobile devices, airport kiosks, televisions, printers,
copiers, phones, GPS devices, etc.) - Answers --Screen readers can read interfaces
and content out loud to users by converting digital text to synthesized speech, but only if
they have been designed to be accessible. Screen readers do not announce text styles
such as font, color, size, bold, and italic.
-Self-voicing interfaces and applications can communicate to users without the need for
a screen reader, but these are appropriate mostly for broadcasting information, because
they usually do not interact with the interface or content as screen readers do.
-Refreshable Braille output devices use screen readers to convert digital text to Braille.
These devices are typically expensive, and only a minority of blind people know how to
read Braille.
ICT Blindness Challenge: Cannot use screen readers on digital content and interfaces
not designed with accessibility in mind - Answers -Interface designers and content
authors can edit the markup to make it compatible with the assistive technologies used
by blind people.
Architecture & Built Environment Blindness Challenge: Cannot see when walking -
Answers --Canes help blind people feel their surroundings as they walk.
-Service animals (e.g. "Seeing Eye" dogs), trained to assist blind people, help them
navigate their surroundings.
-GPS-based walking instructions with an audio interface, either automated or via a
remote human navigator.
-Raised tiles on the ground to indicate the edge of a platform, a pathway along a
sidewalk, the beginning of a staircase, etc.
-Eliminate low-hanging architectural features that a blind person could bump into
-Clear pathways without obstructions in hallways, sidewalks.
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