Summary for Ethics topics:
Issues with Sexual Ethics
Sexual Ethics-- SItuation Ethics
Sexual Ethics--Utilitarianism
Sexual Ethics--Kant
Sexual Ethics-- Natural Law
Freud
Conscience
Euthanasia
Meta-Ethics
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RELIGION AS A NEGATIVE FORCE WITH NO CONTINUING IS SEX A PERSONAL AND PRIVATE MATTER? ISSUES AROUND HOMOSEXUALITY:
ROLE IN SEXUAL ETHICS: ( do religious views still have a
role in modern sexual ethics?) o Where consent is present, there shouldn’t be any other - Are gay Christians required to be celibate?
ethical consideration (Distinction between act and inclination)
o Attitudes to same-sex activity within conservative o The contractarian views - Is gay marriage really a marriage in the
religious countries lead to persecution of gay people. o Harm principle by J.S Mill and idea society should only spiritual sense and should churches allow
Our own liberal and tolerant society has evolved enforce minimal morality; should only have laws about what them?
beyond that way of thinking. harms others. - Adoption of children to gay couples
o Attitudes to the role of women are also outdated, Mill o All consensual sex is permissible. - Ordination of gay clergy
believed that the traditional Christian view of - Can homosexuality be cured?
marriage subjugated women and gave them a lesser SEX CANNOT BE A TOTALLY PERSONAL AND PRIVATE MATTER:
role.
o At least two people involved and others in extra marital sex-
o Narrow natural law views which link sex to
in some situation’s individuals outside like families and
reproduction both devalue the potential unitive
children affected.
elements of sex and through lack of contraception,
risk producing large families
o Michael Foucault argued that religion is responsible
for key error in sexual ethics-idea some things are
ISSUES WITH SEXUAL
normal and other things are abnormal. We are no
longer required to look at world through unhelpful
ETHICS
SEX CANNOT BE A TOTALLY PERSONAL AND PRIVATE MATTER:
lens. o At least two people involved and others in extra marital sex- in
some situation’s individuals outside like families and children
RELIGION AS A POSITIVE FORCE THAT HAS A affected.
CONTUINING ROLE IN SEXUAL ETHICS:
ETHICAL THEORIES:
o If we were to understand the context of religious
o Fletchers’ criticism of antinomianism. A modern approach so
views, we will see that both Christianity and Islam
sexual ethics would seem to remove link between sex and love
gave women more rights than they and in the 1 st CONCLUSION ON RELIGION AND SEXUAL ETHICS
so cheapen sex.
century Palestine of pre-Islamic Arabia. In
o Kant- if have no sexual ethics and were to treat it as private o Christianity and religion too mixed a
addition, many aspects of sexual ethics criticised
as religious are actually cultural matter, may end up tolerating situations where aloe persons to phenomenon to give definitive answer. NL
o Religious ethic may offer valuable caution against be treated as means to end and SE are both very different. Also, literal,
modern liberal culture where sexual ethics has no FEMINISM: and more liberal interpretations of the
real rules other than consent. Christian attitude bible. Also, developments from polygamy in
to sex prevents sexual act being cheapened and o Some form of sexual ethics is needed OT to monogamy in NT.
stress unitive aspect o Balance of power not always equal- although widespread access o Provide useful framework in past, securing
o Some evidence marriage is linked to happiness to birth control which removed logical link between sex and rights for women and bringing stability to
and better educational outcomes for children. reproduction-gender imbalance not redressed. society- but no longer requires religion
o Women still lag behind in workplace and shoulder more of o Useful voice but no longer the authoritative
childcare. voice.
o More likely to suffer domestic violence and revenge porn.
, - Definition of love is subjective-
PREMARITAL SEX EXTRAMARITAL SEX
however fletcher says its objective
- Marriage is not an intrinsic good for fletcher, it - Sexual relationships were a matter of personal individual freedom love and it doesn’t matter about
suits some and not others - Should have same treatment as monogamous relationship-agape relationships and family
- Jesus doesn’t talk about sex before marriage - WW2 women separated from children and husband in concentration - Impossible to always predict with
- Matters more if they treat each other as camp. Learns if become pregnant they will send her home. Sleeps with a certainty what will happen in a
companions and friends guard sexual relationship
- Exploration of ones own sexuality, providing not - Pragmatism- end justifies means- reunited outweigh adultery - No rule based-opens for
abusive and has mutual respect - Relative- most loving thing to help family exploitation and abuse and innocent
- If no clear reason then it is immoral - Positivism- no interest law against will only be fully protected if
- Could be most loving thing- cohabitating and you - Personalism- child loved and accepted- sacrificial love for family potential exploiters or abusers are
really love them and plan on getting married in the - Jesus says forgive-adultery is a sin but they are forgiven governed by objective moral
future. Sex would be a demonstration of love you prescriptions and not misinformed
have towards them interpretations of love
- Getting pregnant may outweigh pleasure - People can become selfish-desire
- Corinthians- body is a temple of the holy spirit may shadow their duty to do the
- Okay to act as patriotic prostitute if use body to most loving thing
help country. -
-
-
Agape is objective
Agape cannot be confused with eros while in
SEXUAL ETHICS-
relationship HOMOSEXUALITY
- Draw distinction between causal and promiscuous
- In 1960 it was illegal. Fletcher thought it was wrong and thought laws
sex and sex within the context of a loving
about sexuality were outdated, inconsistent, hypocritical and unjust
relationship
- Supported Wolfenden report and noted that it stated that law should not
- Personalism- what’s right depends on what is best
concern itself with immorality. Laws should not be based on religious
for the people as they are more important than
ideas
rules
- ‘there is some boundary between personal existence and the social
- Love untainted by self interest and self-seeking. It
membership. There is some range for private choice and personal taste.
is an elevated expression, unconditional giving of
- Wolfenden report- give exploring the problems of homosexuality and
oneself free of egoism
prostitution- conclusion that wrong for criminal law to intervene in what
-
homosexuals did in own home—not enforce until 1967
- Some love the sinner and not the sin
- Loving homosexual relationships just as important as loving heterosexual
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