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Soc 2112, Wakokok, Midterm Exam
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Soc 2112, Wakokok, Midterm Exam Soc 2112, Wakokok, Midterm Exam Soc 2112, Wakokok, Midterm Exam
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Soc 2112, Wakokok, Midterm Examideal culture - ANS a people's ideal values and norms; the goals held out for them.
real culture - ANS the norms and values that people actually follow; as opposed to ideal culture.
Explain why both History and Biography are essential for the Sociological perspective - ANS Sociological
perspective stresses that peoples social experiences, the groups in which they belong and their
experiences within those groups underlie their behavior.
C. Wright Mills referred to this as the intersection of biography (individual) and history (broad social
factors that influence the individual)
Know the focus of each social science - ANS Political science - Politics and Government
Psychology - Processes within individuals
Anthropology - Focuses on Tribal People
Economics - Production and distrobution of material goods
Sociologist - Interested in equality
Trace the origins of sociology - ANS Tradition versus Science
Auguste Comte and positivism
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
Karl Marx and Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim and Social Integration
Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic
,Summarize the opposing arguments in the debate about values in sociological research - ANS
Understanding behavior --- investigate harmful behavior -----can be used by anyone ---should be used to
improve society
State what VERSTEHEN is and why it's valuable - ANS Understanding behavior by someone that has been
there, by understanding you can put yourself in someone else's situation
Trace the development of sociology in North America and explain the tension between objective
analysis and social reform - ANS The earliest departments of sociology were established in the late
1800's
to study or to fix
Explain how research versus reform and globalization are likely to influence sociology - ANS using
applied society to invoke social change
broadening sociological horizons
Explain what culture is, how culture provides orientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism
means - ANS Culture - Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behaviors, and even material objects that are
passed on.
people become uncomfortable when their basic assumptions about life are challenged.
know the components of symbolic culture - ANS gestures, language, values, morns, sanctions, folkways,
mores, and taboos
explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - ANS Language creates way of thinking and perceiving
,Discuss the major U.S. Values - ANS Achievement, Individualism, hard work, efficiency and practicality,
science and technology, material comfort, freedom, democracy, equality, group superiority, education,
religiosity, romantic love
how values are lenses of perception - ANS CULTURE BECOMES THE LENS THROUGH WHICH WE
PERCEIVE AND EVALUATE WHAT IS GOING ON AROUND US.
explain value clusters - ANS Certain values may cluster together into a more or less consistent system
value contradictions - ANS Values that contradict one another
value clashes - ANS Culture wars
Explain what cultural universals are and why they do not seem to exist. - ANS Cultural universals
(elements of a culture that exist in every society such as food, religion, language, etc.) exist because all
cultures have basic needs and they all develop common features to ensure their needs are met
Explain how feral, isolated, and institutionalized children help us understand that "society makes us
human" - ANS How much of our human characteristics come from Nature (heredity) and how much
comes from Nurture (the social environment
Use the ideas and research of Cooley (looking-glass self)
Mead (role taking)
and Piaget (reasoning) to explain socialization into the self and mind. - ANS The self is socially
constructed
Cooley - internalization of others reactions to us
Mead - putting yourself in someone else's shoes
, Explain how the development of personality and morality and socialization into emotion are part of how
"Society makes us Human" - ANS
Discuss how gender messages from the family, peers, and the mass media teach us society's gender
map. - ANS
Explain why the family, the neighborhood, religion, daycare, school, peer groups and the workplace are
agents of socialization. - ANS
Explain what total institutions are and how they resocialize people. - ANS
How a society treats its deviants is one measure of how humane it is. What would an examination of
prisons and mental hospitals in the United States suggest regarding this standard? - ANS They are both
used as a warehouse for the unwanted
How did psychiatrist Thomas Szasz describe mental illness? - ANS He said mental illness was neither
mental nor an illness
The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested is known as - ANS Recidivism
Sociologists who view law as an instrument of oppression used to control workers are aligned most with
which sociological perspective? - ANS The conflict perspective
Conflict theorists classify the few who own the means of production as _________________ and those
who sell their labor to these owners as ___________________. - ANS Capitalists; Working Class.
Based on the 2009 edition of the Statistical Abstract in the United States, the state with the lowest rate
of violent crime in America is __________________, while the state with the highest rate of violent
crime is _______________. - ANS Maine; Nevada.
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