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OCR AS Level History AY138/01 The Early Stuarts and the Origins of the Civil War1603–1660 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024 $10.89   Add to cart
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OCR AS Level History AY138/01 The Early Stuarts and the Origins of the Civil War1603–1660 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024
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OCR AS Level History AY138/01 The Early Stuarts and the Origins of the Civil War1603–1660 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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  • November 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Wednesday 15 May 2024 – Afternoon
AS Level History A
Y138/01 The Early Stuarts and the Origins of the Civil War
1603–1660
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes




Turn over

, 2

SECTION A

The Execution of Charles I and the Interregnum 1646–1660

Study the three sources and answer both questions in this section.


1 Use your knowledge of the events of 1659–1660 to assess how useful Source B is as evidence
for the role of the army in bringing about Richard Cromwell’s fall. [10]


2 Using these three sources in their historical context, assess how far they support the view that
the weakness of Richard Cromwell was the main cause of instability in the period from the death
of Oliver Cromwell to the Restoration. [20]


Source A: A bishop and contemporary commentator comments on Richard Cromwell.

Richard was declared Protector following a nomination pretended to be made by his father. The city
of London, as well as the counties and cities in England, sent him congratulatory addresses and
condolences. The Commonwealth party, however, cried out on his assumption of the Protectorship as
a usurpation. When Parliament met, though some attempts were made to have his title recognised,
yet Fleetwood, set up a council of army officers, who were resolved to remove him, as having neither
skill nor treasure, nor army to support him.

Bishop Gilbert Burnet, History of His Own Time.


Source B: Richard Cromwell writes to the Council of Officers asking to be restored to his
position as Protector.

Yet notwithstanding you forgetting your promises, were guilty of such insolent and contrary
proceedings as to turn me out of my place before I was warm. This was under the pretence of setting
up the Good Old Cause, which then you interpreted to be the Refuse, or (as it is commonly called)
the Rump. No sooner had you established this Parliament and vowed by a solemn oath to be their
faithful and constant servants, you turned them out. You devised a thing called a Committee of Safety,
which being a crew of sword-men, with some others of your faction, gave themselves a certain time
to produce a form of Government. This time being expired you are now nonplussed, not knowing
which way to turn. I humbly beg of you to let me appear once more upon the stage, beseeching you to
restore me unto my former dignity of being your Protector.

Richard Cromwell, Humble Petition, December 1659.


Source C: The gentlemen of one county express their concerns about the political situation.

Since the death of the king, we have been governed by tumult. Bandied from one faction to the other.
This party up today, that tomorrow, but still the nation under, and a prey to, the strongest. So long as
this violence continues over us, no other government can settle the nation than that which pleases
the universality of it. You speak of the necessity of a republic. We say it is not necessary, not even
effectual, but if it were both, a free parliament ought to introduce it. The consent of the people must
settle the nation.

Petition of the Gentlemen of Devon, December 1659.



© OCR 2024 Y138/01 Jun24

, 3

SECTION B

The Early Stuarts 1603–1646

Answer Question 3 or Question 4.


3* ‘James I’s belief in Divine Right was the most important cause of conflict with his parliaments.’

How far do you agree? [20]


4* ‘The Duke of Buckingham was the most important cause of conflict between Charles I and his
parliament in the period from 1625 to 1629.’

How far do you agree? [20]



END OF QUESTION PAPER




© OCR 2024 Y138/01 Jun24

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