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OCR A Level History AY305/01The Renaissance c.1400–c.1600 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024 $11.09   In winkelwagen
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OCR A Level History AY305/01The Renaissance c.1400–c.1600 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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OCR A Level History AY305/01The Renaissance c.1400–c.1600 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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Thursday 23 May 2024 – Morning
A Level History A
Y305/01 The Renaissance c.1400–c.1600
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes




Turn over

, 2

SECTION A

Read the two passages and answer Question 1.


1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages.

Explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of the Renaissance monarchy in
France under Francis I. [30]


Passage A

During the troubles of the second half of the sixteenth century Frenchmen looked back to the reign
of Francis I with nostalgia. They called him ‘the great king Francis’, but later on the king’s reputation
declined. For Jules Michele, the nineteenth-century French historian, Francis was anything but great.
He summed up the king’s career in two words: ‘women’ and ‘war’, or, as he put it, ‘war to please
women’. Francis has until recently been given less serious attention than he deserves. His fondness
for women and his liking for war are not to be denied, but his long reign marked a significant stage in
the development of the French monarchy.

Essentially he was an outdoor type, who delighted in every kind of sport. Above all, he enjoyed
hunting and devoted a substantial part of each day to it. He loved to shed cares of state and
disappear into a forest, sometimes for several days, with a small band of companions. Foreign
ambassadors were occasionally infuriated by the king’s elusiveness, deeming it irresponsible, but
the king could depend on able ministers. Ultimately, he was always in charge of affairs, even at
the end of his reign, when his health was seriously undermined. Part of each morning was usually
devoted to business, each afternoon to hunting, and each evening to dancing or some other courtly
entertainment. Such routine could, of course, be disrupted by war, which filled much of his reign.

R. J. Knecht, French Renaissance Monarchy: Francis I and Henry II, published in 1984.


Passage B

Francis I was far from stupid, either in terms of diplomacy or his appreciation of the arts and literature.
Although his own artistic achievements were essentially modest, he was a man who was keen
to present himself as a patron of the intellectual arts. Before Francis’s accession, French kings
had shown little interest in Renaissance and Humanist culture. It was he who saw how an artistic
revival could be channelled in a way that would bring glory and prestige to the monarchy. Inspired
by his travels through Italy, particularly his visits to Medici-ruled Florence and papal Rome, he was
tempted to move beyond the traditional image of a king and to embrace the Italian concept of the
‘universal man’. He would be a new kind of French monarch, one as much influenced by Humanism
and philosophical ideas as by battle strategies and complex diplomacy, and to this end he set about
making the French court a place where the arts and learning were not just tolerated, but encouraged
in all their forms.

Leonine Frieda, Francis I: The Maker of Modern France, published in 2018.

, 3

SECTION B

Answer any two questions.


2* ‘Political factors were the main reason for the development of the Renaissance throughout the
period c.1400–c.1600.’

How far do you agree? [25]


3* ‘Throughout the Renaissance, c.1400–c.1600, the strengths of the Catholic Church greatly
outweighed its weaknesses.’

How far do you agree with this view of the condition of the Church? [25]


4* ‘The ideal of the Renaissance Man was far removed from the reality of the mercenary soldiers of
the period c.1400–c.1600.’

How far do you agree? [25]



END OF QUESTION PAPER

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