100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
OCR A Level History AY307/01 Tudor Foreign Policy 1485–1603 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024 $10.79   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. History
  4.  
  5. History

Exam (elaborations)

OCR A Level History AY307/01 Tudor Foreign Policy 1485–1603 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

 11 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • History
  • Institution
  • History

OCR A Level History AY307/01 Tudor Foreign Policy 1485–1603 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

Preview 3 out of 18  pages

Document information

  • November 10, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • ocr a level history ay30701 tudor foreign policy

Written for

  • History
  • History

Seller

avatar-seller
williesmaish2999

Reviews received

Content preview

Thursday 23 May 2024 – Morning
A Level History A
Y307/01 Tudor Foreign Policy 1485–1603
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes




Turn over

, 2

SECTION A

Read the two passages and answer Question 1.


1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages.

Explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of the reasons for the loss of Calais
in 1558. [30]


Passage A

Seldom, if ever, has England gone to war so unwilling and so unprepared. But, once war was
declared, the queen’s subjects rallied around the government. Those who had been implicated in
rebellion or sedition willingly took commands in the army and navy. The difficulties experienced in
raising troops were the result of both the inefficient muster system and the famine of 1555–7 rather
than a reflection of popular hostility to the war.

The fighting at first went well. On the continent a small English force took part in the successful siege
of Saint Quentin. By October 1557, the campaign seemed over. The pope had accepted the Spanish
terms and Philip II of Spain’s army was preparing for winter. But the dry weather continued and Henry
II of France decided to try to recoup his prestige by an enterprise against Calais. Many explanations
have been postulated for the speedy fall of the fortress.

Mary’s economy drive has also been held to blame for the disaster. The garrison was run down
after August to save money. It was thus only at peacetime strength when assaulted and contained
barely half the number required for minimum security against attack. To counteract Guises invasion,
therefore, reinforcements were needed, but these were not forthcoming as the Council, unable to
believe that Calais was seriously threatened, failed to send a relief army. Philip, too, did not order his
army to aid Calais.

S. Doran, England and Europe 1485–1603, published in 1996.


Passage B

Calais itself was not well fortified but the outer forts were in reasonably good shape, though woefully
undermanned. Keeping up the defences of the area and ensuring an adequate food supply for more
than four thousand people who lived there cost a great deal of money, and as the trading status of
Calais declined, successive English governments were reluctant to commit the necessary funds.

The French king committed himself tirelessly in the autumn of 1557 to planning his campaign of
recapture. General rumour and more specific information from spies warned the council in London
and the garrison in Calais that it was only a matter of time before the French moved against them.
Philip II of Spain was also well aware of these intentions. But nobody did anything. Instead, there was
a collective reliance on the impossibility of a serious campaign in winter.

Part of the blame must attach to Lord Wentworth. He was comparatively young and untried. His
undoubted Protestant leanings made him a dubious choice for the job. Probably, though, he was
simply lulled, like everyone else, into a false sense of security. Wishful thinking convinced him that
though there were reports of large numbers of French forces in the area, Calais was not the target.
Not until the last days of 1557 does he really seem to have embraced the threat he faced. Even then,
he did not use his most potent weapon, which was to open the sluice gates and flood the marshes.
Nor does he seem to have requested help from Philip until the French were besieging him. The
manner of loss was so abject that treachery was naturally suspected.

L. Porter, Mary Tudor, published in 2009.

, 3

SECTION B

Answer any two questions.


2* ‘Throughout the period from 1485 to 1603, England was never a major power in Europe.’

How far do you agree? [25]


3* Assess the reasons why England’s relations with Spain changed from peace to war during the
period from 1485 to 1603. [25]


4* ‘The impact of foreign relations on economic affairs in England was greater than on financial
affairs.’

How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1485 to 1603? [25]



END OF QUESTION PAPER

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller williesmaish2999. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

66579 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.79
  • (0)
  Add to cart