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BIO AC U5 Test (For Final) Exam Questions and Answers (T1) What is a gene? - ANSWER-A segment of DNA that produces a protein thus determining a trait (T1) What is a chromosome? - ANSWER-A condensed or compact "rod" of DNA that carries genetic information (T1) What is DNA? - ANSWER-helical mole...

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  • November 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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BIO AC U5 Test (For Final) Exam

Questions and Answers


(T1) What is a gene? - ANSWER✔✔-A segment of DNA that produces a protein thus determining a trait


(T1) What is a chromosome? - ANSWER✔✔-A condensed or compact "rod" of DNA that carries genetic

information


(T1) What is DNA? - ANSWER✔✔-helical molecule that carries the genetic information of an organism

and is passed from parent to offspring.


(T1) What is a genome? - ANSWER✔✔-All the DNA in one cell of an organism


(T1) What is a nucleus? - ANSWER✔✔-The control center of the cell; contains the genetic material


(T1) What is a nucleotide? - ANSWER✔✔-A small subunit that makes up DNA; building blocks for nucleic

acids


(T1) List nucleotide, nucleus, genome, chromosome, gene, and DNA from smallest to largest. -

ANSWER✔✔-nucleotide, gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, genome


(T1) DNA is the _________________ for most organisms - ANSWER✔✔-genetic material


(T1) DNA is found in _________________________ - ANSWER✔✔-all cells of humans except red blood

cells


(T1) DNA is a _______ template that can be _________ accurately - ANSWER✔✔-physical, copied



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(T1) Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes - ANSWER✔✔-23


(T1) Each chromosome is a ______________ - ANSWER✔✔-long strand of DNA


(T1) DNA's structure consists of ___________________ - ANSWER✔✔-two strands of connected

nucleotides


(T1) DNA stands for - ANSWER✔✔-deoxyribonucleic acid


(T1) To compress into chromosomes, DNA wraps around what? - ANSWER✔✔-proteins called histones


(T1) DNA is a - ANSWER✔✔-nucleic acid


(T1) Humans have ______ chromosomes - ANSWER✔✔-46


(T1) Humans have about ______ genes - ANSWER✔✔-25,000


(T1) How many proteins come from your mother? Father? - ANSWER✔✔-23, 23


(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you can tell their gender by looking at their _______

chromosome - ANSWER✔✔-23rd


(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a boy if their 23rd pair is __________

- ANSWER✔✔-XY


(T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a girl if their 23rd pair is __________

- ANSWER✔✔-XX


A girl's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. This is known as the _________________ sex - ANSWER✔✔-

homogametic




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A boy's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY. This is known as the _________________ sex - ANSWER✔✔-

heterogametic


(T2) DNA's presence has been known since ___________, but its function hasn't always been clear. -

ANSWER✔✔-1874


(T2) Who did the pneumonia-mouse experiment? - ANSWER✔✔-Frederick Griffith


(T2) What year did Griffith do his experiment? - ANSWER✔✔-1928


(T2) Griffith's goal was to - ANSWER✔✔-cure (vaccine) pneumonia


(T2) What were the two versions of pneumonia Griffith used? - ANSWER✔✔-R and S strains


(T2) R strain refers to the _________ strain - ANSWER✔✔-rough


(T2) S strain refers to the _________ strain - ANSWER✔✔-smooth


(T2) When Griffith gave the mice S bacteria, they - ANSWER✔✔-died


(T2) When Griffith gave the mice R bacteria, they - ANSWER✔✔-lived


(T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated), they - ANSWER✔✔-lived


(T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, they - ANSWER✔✔-died


(T2) Why did the heated S bacteria not give the mice pneumonia and kill them? - ANSWER✔✔-The heat

denatured the bacteria, rendering it useless


(T2) Why did the killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, kill the mice? - ANSWER✔✔-The DNA that

was inside of the killed S bacteria was able to go into the R bacteria which was still functioning. The DNA

went inside and transformed the R bacteria into S bacteria.


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