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NST2602 EXAM PACK 2025 {DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS }
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NST2602 EXAM PACK 2025 {DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS }
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lOMoAR cPSD| 49074884, lOMoAR cPSD| 49074884
QUESTION 1: [10 MARKS]
a) Indigenous Knowledge
Indigenous knowledge can best be described in
terms of the following: people, place/context,
language, knowledge, culture, practices and
dynamism.
b) Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS)
Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) is a
broad framework of thinking about our local
context, seeks to problematise the insufficient
integration of the cultural-social and the
canonical-academic dimensions of natural
science and technology education.
c) Traditional Knowledge
Knowledge systems embedded in cultural
traditions of regional, indigenous, or local
communities.
d) Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and
Refers to the evolving knowledge acquired by
indigenous and local peoples over hundreds or
, lOMoAR cPSD| 49074884
thousands of years through direct contact with
the environment.
e) Traditional Environmental Knowledge.
Traditional ecological knowledge is defined as
a cumulative body of knowledge, practice, and
belief, evolving by adaptive processes and
handed down through generations by cultural
transmission, about the relationship of living
beings (including humans) with one another
and with their environment.
QUESTION 2: [10 MARKS]
Why is indigenous knowledge important? Explain
using specific examples. (10)
N.B. 5 marks for explaining the importance of
indigenous knowledge and 5 marks for examples.
Our school curricula have, to a large extent, been
highly westernised, with little opportunity for
including indigenous knowledges. Indigenous
knowledges have been excluded, marginalised,
misrepresented, invalidated and labelled as inferior.
Education institutions (such as schools) in particular
, lOMoAR cPSD| 49074884
have been zones of exclusion of such knowledges.
This has created a situation where what the learners
learn at school is different from their lived
experiences at home. It has also excluded the role of
parents and elderly people in the education of their
children about their culture, values and livelihoods.
QUESTION 3: [10 MARKS]
The history of science is full of great works that have
marked a turning point in the development of a
branch of knowledge, and in which the proposals for
a new theoretical frame of reference or a new
systematization of the known facts. Explain this
argument thoroughly with examples.
The history of science is full of great works that
have marked a turning point in the development of
a branch of knowledge, and in which the proposals
for a new theoretical frame of reference or a new
systematization of the known facts were preceded
by an extensive historical introduction consisting in
the evolution of the topic up to that moment. From
the 18th Century on, with the growing specialization
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